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Cases of lifestyle diseases like diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and related obesity have increased in huge proportions in the recent years. We will thus discuss various lifestyle disorders and their causes in this article.
What is a lifestyle disorder?
- It is a disorder/series of disorders caused due to changes in lifestyle, diet and the environment we live in.
- Sedentary lifestyle and excessive consumption of processed foods are some of the major reasons. However, some people are more prone to such disorders due to its prevalence in their family history i.e. hereditary in some cases.
- Mostly, these diseases are interrelated i.e. a person who has one of it has a higher risk of getting the others.
Diabetes Mellitus Type – 2
- Also known as noninsulin – dependent diabetes mellitus/ adult – onset diabetes.
- It is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia, (high levels of glucose circulating in the blood) which is a result of insulin resistance/ low production of insulin in the body (cells, fats and liver do not respond to insulin, thus excess glucose does not get stored in the cells).
- Increasing inactivity can cause this type of diabetes at any age, especially in young adults with obesity.
- Typical symptoms of Diabetes type – 2: Polydipsia (increased thirst), Polyuria (frequent urination), Polyphagia (increased hunger), unexplained and sudden loss of weight, blurring of vision, fatigue and nausea.
- Undiagnosed/ uncontrolled diabetes can lead to several serious complications like diabetic retinopathy (permanent loss of vision due to damage of the retina), strokes, heart disease, kidney failure and diabetic ketoacidosis (abnormally high production of ketone bodies in absence of insulin).
- Permanent cure to Diabetes Mellitus type-2 is not known. However, it can be controlled by balanced diet and regular exercise initially. However, if blood sugar levels are not in control, common medications like metformin and insulin therapy are recommended. Careful self-monitoring of blood glucose can make managing diabetes easier.
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