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In this article, we are discussing world heritage sites in India.
17. The Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
a)
As India’s famous avifauna sanctuary, the Keoladeo
National Park attracts thousands of migratory birds, especially during winter. Established
in 1982, it was previously known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.
b)
The man-made wetland, which is
a home to 380 bird species (both resident and migratory). As per a 2008
Planning Commission report, the park is home to 379 floral species, 50 species
of fish & a variety of reptiles. It is one of the world’s richest bird parks and ornithologists
flock to the park due to its abundant biodiversity.
c)
Its location in the middle of the
Central Asian migratory flyway is strategic benefit. Large gathering of ducks,
geese, coots, pelicans & waders from as far as Afghanistan, Turkmenistan,
China & Siberia, can be found during winter.
d)
Some noted species found in the
Keoladeo National Park are, common demoiselle, rare Siberian cranes, pelicans,
flycatchers, larks, pipits, golden jackal, sambar, nilgai & blackbuck.
e)
It was declared a World Heritage
Site by UNESCO in 1985.
18. Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers
National Park, Uttaranchal
a)
Nanda Devi National Park is
located at Uttaranchal, around the peak of Nanda Devi (7800 m) the second
highest mountain in India. The adjoining Valley of Flowers National Park is located
high in west Himalaya, well-known for its variety of flora.
b)
The Valley of Flowers National
Park is also home to several rare & endangered animal species like the Asiatic
black bear, snow leopard, musk deer, brown bear, red fox, & blue sheep. Avifauna
variety found in the park include Himalayan monal pheasant, Himalayan vulture,
yellow-billed & red-billed coughs, yellow-nape woodpeckers, etc.
c)
The Nanda Devi National Park
was inscribed in UNESCO’s
World Heritage Sites list in 1988 under natural sites category. Later in 2005,
it was extended to include Valley of Flowers National Park.
19. Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal
a)
Sundarbans National Park is a tiger
and biosphere reserve located in West Bangal.
b)
Covering around 10,000 km2
area of land & water, Sundarbans are part of the world’s largest delta formed by sediments
deposited by rivers including Ganga, Brahmaputra & Meghna.
c)
It comprises world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarban mudflats
are found at the estuary with low velocity & tidal currents. Interiors of
these mudflats are perfect for the growth of mangroves.
d)
Sundarbans are the largest
reserve for royal Bengal tigers, having around more than 400 of these tigers.
Other variety of animals found are fishing cats, leopard cats, macaques, wild
boar, Indian grey mongoose, flying fox, pangolin, chital, etc.
e)
Wide number of avian &
aquatic species are found in the Sundarbans. Endangered species like river
terrapin, olive ridley turtle, Ganges River dolphin, are also found here. Rare
birds like masked finfoot, mangrove pitta & the mangrove whistler, are also
found in the region.
f)
It was declared as a national
park in 1984 and as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
20. Great Himalayan National Park
Conservation Area, Himachal Pradesh
a)
Great Himalayan National Park
is located in the western Himalayan region in Himachal Pradesh, characterised
by high alpine peaks, alpine meadows, & riverine forests.
b)
Great Himalayan National Park
is at the junction of world’s
two major faunal regions: Oriental or Indomalayan to the south & Palearctic
to the north.
c)
It is home to 375 species of fauna
that are protected under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972.
d)
It is a part of the Himalayan
biodiversity hotspot. It includes twenty five different forest types. Some
important species in the region are, blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown
bear, Himalayan Tahr & musk deer.
e)
The park was enlisted in the
UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites
list in 2014.
To read the other articles in the series follow :
Capsule 1 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-1-35244697
Capsule 2 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-2-35245590
Capsule 3 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-3-35266672
Capsule 4 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-4-35268871
Capsule 5 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-5-35341786
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