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In this article, we would discuss the diseases of the digestive system.
1. Diverticulosis: It is the development of pouch-like structures (known as diverticula) in the large intestine (colon). The reason for development of diverticula is not known, however, it is detected only by the symptoms like diverticulitis (inflammation or infection in the diverticula) or diverticular disease. Consuming diet low in roughage (fibrous indigestible material found in legumes, nuts, seeds, among others) could be a possible cause. Constipation is one of the major reasons for diverticulosis since it causes excess intra-colonic pressure. It can be only diagnosed with barium enema X – ray and colonoscopy. Intake of fibre-rich food, fruits and plenty of water besides regular exercise can help to prevent diverticulosis.
2. Liver Cirrhosis: It is the progressive degeneration of liver that replaces healthy liver tissues with scarred ones. It begins with inflammation and as the healthy tissue is being replaced, the liver loses its ability to carry out normal functions. Severe cirrhosis can lead to various complications like portal hypertension (increased blood pressure in the liver), hepatic encephalopathy (toxin accumulation in the body, which interferes with daily activities) and hepatorenal syndrome (kidney failure due to liver failure). The damage is irreversible, though with less damage in the beginning the cells can repair themselves. Also, with medical aid the damage can be arrested or delayed. A low sodium diet with zero alcohol consumption is advised for liver cirrhosis patients.
3. Peritonitis: It is the inflammation of the abdominal cavity lining. It is characterised by nausea along with abdominal pain. Peritonitis can develop either due to an infection in the peritoneal cavity or a secondary infection that develops from internal injuries like: stomach ulcer, diverticulitis, physical injury to the stomach or surgery could cause secondary peritonitis. Severe complications can lead to septic shock and multiple organ failure. Treatment for peritonitis includes antifungal medications, intravenous fluids, drugs to maintain blood pressure and nutritional support.
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