China's central bank currency devaluation is affecting world curencies also and especially Asians and india rupee is also depreciating against USD and helping indian exports and is this not countering china's currency Yuan devaluation policy and perhaps china's policy will make them trapped in their own web because some small asian countries excluding India can devaluate their cuurencies and can offset the china's central bank move, if at this moment i compare Indian central bank-RBI and CHINA's central bank then i can easily say that our central bank is more sound in terms of policies then chinease central bank and thanks to Dr. RAGHURAM RAJAN RBI Governor and i can predict china's dragon is in trouble and India's tiger will be in good shape in near future. Currency Devaluation and increase in export has positive relationship and decrease in import is the other outcome and this is the only reason China is following currency devaluation and trying to come out from slow GDP growth and trying to recover its economy from sluggish demand for their exports in international market.
Arab world's wealthiest nations are doing next to nothing for Syria's refugees: Article by Ishaan Tharoor in Washington Post
"Some European countries have been criticized for offering sanctuary only to a small number of refugees, or for discriminating between Muslims and Christians. Less ire, though, has been directed at another set of stakeholders who almost certainly should be doing more: Saudi Arabia and the wealthy Arab states along the Persian Gulf.
As Amnesty International pointed out, the "six Gulf countries -- Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain -- have offered zero resettlement places to Syrian refugees."
That's a shocking figure, given these countries' relative proximity to Syria, as well as the incredible resources at their disposal. Moreover, these countries aren't totally innocent bystanders. To varying degrees, elements within Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the U.A.E. and Kuwait have invested in the Syrian conflict, playing a conspicuous role in funding and arming a constellation of rebel and Islamist factions fighting the regime of Syrian President.
For a Syrian to enter these countries, they would have to apply for a visa, which, in the current circumstances, is rarely granted. The only Arab countries where a Syrian can travel without a visa are Algeria, Mauritania, Sudan and Yemen -- hardly choice or practical destinations.
Like European countries, Saudi Arabia and its neighbors have fears over new arrivals taking jobs from citizens, and may also invoke concerns about security and terrorism. But the current gulf aid outlay for Syrian refugees, which amounts to collective donations under $1 billion (the United States has given four times that sum), seems short -- and is made all the more galling when you consider the vast sums Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E. poured into this year's war effort in Yemen, an intervention some consider a strategic blunder.
"The Gulf must realize that now is the time to change their policy regarding accepting refugees from the Syria crisis," writes the columnist Qassemi. "It is the moral, ethical and responsible step to take."
- Ishaan Tharoor, writer -The Washington Post.
guys any one having Law Optional
India has regular six ritus of two months each and three seasons of four months.
arent ritu and season mean the same ?? can anyone clarify the meaning of those 2 words in above sentence
TIA
which is better Rajasthan admin. services(5400 GP) or Examiner in Customs(4600 GP) ASST. Comm. IRS in 10-12 years approx.......plz give ur views on the basis of future aspects of promotions.......dont compare present Grade pay, here RAS wins.....
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In this article, we would discuss the classification and types of soil.
Important facts about soil:
- The branch of science that deals with study of soil is called pedology.
- Enrichment of water with nutrients, mainly phosphorus, which causes abundant aquatic plant growth is called eutrophication.
- Layers of soil parallel to each other whose physical characteristics are different from one another is called soil profile.
- Topsoil is the most productive layer.
- It can take over 500 years for natural processes to lead to formation of 2 centimetres of topsoil.
- Based on the study of paleosols (soil formed in the past and preserved under sediments, volcanic deposits, etc) in India, Pakistan and Nepal, onset of Indian monsoon has been estimated to have occurred about 8 million years ago.
- Soil stores 10% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions.
Classification of soils
1. It is the grouping of soils on the basis of their morphology (structure and texture), form, appearance and fertility.
2. Based on genesis, colour, composition and location, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) divides soil into two categories: major soils and minor soils.
3. The traditional divisions of soils are Zonal, Intrazonal and Azonal.
4. Alluvial, black, red and laterite are examples of major soils.
5. Organic, forest, desert, peat, alkaline and saline are examples of minor soils.
6. Here are the major types of soils in the Indian Subcontinent:
a. Alluvial Soil: Light grey to ash grey in colour, it is one of the most productive soils in India. It is formed due to deposition by streams and winds. It is poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus but rich in potash. It is suitable for both rabi and kharif crops like cereals, cotton, oilseeds and sugarcane. In India, alluvial soil covers 40% of the land area and has been formed by the three great Himalayan rivers, namely Sutlej, Brahmaputra, Ganga and their tributaries. It is commonly found in the eastern coastal plains and in the deltas of Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri.
b. Black soil (Regur soil): This soil is volcanic in origin (made up of lava flows) and black to grey in colour. It is formed due to decomposition of basalt rocks of the Deccan plateau. As it is ideal for growing cotton, it is also known as black cotton soil. This soil covers plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa and southern Madhya Pradesh, extending to the southeast along the Godavari and Krishna valleys. Cotton, jowar, wheat, sugarcane, linseed, gram, fruits and vegetables, are examples of crops grown in black soil.
c. Red soil: It is sandy in texture and red in colour due to the presence of iron oxide. Red soil develops on old crystalline and metamorphic rocks under moderate to heavy rainfall. However, it is deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous material. Eastern part of the peninsular region, Odisha, eastern Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Karnataka have large extent of land with red soil. Crops grown in red soil are wheat, millet, rice, pulses, cotton, potato and coarse grains.
d. Laterite Soil: This is formed when the humus content from the soil gets washed off due to seasonal rainfall in warm climates leaving it acidic. Due to high acidity and inability to retain moisture, laterite soil is unfit for agriculture. It is found in small parts of Tamil Nadu, Orissa and coastal margins of the southern peninsula from West Bengal to southern Maharashtra. Application of fertilizers and manures can make it crop-worthy.
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Detailed solution GS Paper 1 prelims 2015
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dRXrTdckPqA
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In this article, we would discuss other types of soil in the Indian Sub- continent.
e. Arid or desert soil: Sandy and alkaline in nature, the colour of arid soil ranges from brown to red. It is abundantly found in western Rajasthan, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat. High temperature and accelerated evaporation in these areas decrease the moisture and humus content. Due to high calcium content, the deeper layers of the soil are impermeable and unsuitable for agriculture. However, irrigation can increase moisture content and make the soil crop-worthy.
f. Saline soil: Dry climate and poor drainage can lead to deposition of salts in soil. Saline soil is abundantly found in western Gujarat (Rann of Kutch), West Bengal (Sunderban areas) and deltas of the east coast. Use of gypsum and proper irrigation can decrease the salinity of the soil.
g. Organic (peat) soil: This soil is commonly found in areas receiving high rainfall, thereby having a good vegetation cover. As the organic matter accumulates and decomposes, it gives rise to humus-rich, fertile soil. It is black in colour and rich in organic content, hence the name. This soil is majorly found in the northern Bihar, Uttaranchal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and coastal areas of West Bengal.
h. Forest soil: High in organic matter and low in pH value, it is mostly formed in the forest areas that receive sufficient rainfall.
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UPSC Mains -
The one party dominance polity has done many a harm to the polity of the country. It has : 1. Led to erosion of democratic values in the polity. Democracy essentially implies hearing the voices of one and all and availability of political optional before the public. One party domination has bereft the public of that very political alternative. 2. For years we have had a weak opposition that was able to leverage no or zero political clout on then political set up. 3. It has led to the creation of regional satraps. It has so happened that ever since the political dominance of the single party got eroded in due course of time, we did not have a ready available national option which led to the creation of regional powerhouses as the only possible option that led to the ushering of an unstable coalition era polity in India. Horsetrading and frequent elections emerged at the national level as a consequence of it only. 4. It has led to the phenomena of revolving of elections around charismatic leaders or personality based elections. Parties announce their PM/CM candidates to garner the votes around their name rather then asking for vote on the agenda of development or common minimum programme in case of a coalition.
Can anyone suggest me a good book to prepare for GS paper-1 of CSAT. A book which has model test papers and a book in which theory and questions based on different topics are given.
HEY FRIENDS, PLZ SUGGEST IS IT SENSIBLE TO SELECT MECHANICAL AS OPTIONAL
I hv started one blog named current.wordpress.com
Friends pls advice topics and conventions to be covered for environment and climate change
PMJDY has many benefits
1 financial inclusion.
2 subsidy transfer/social benefit.
3 capital infusion into banks
4 capital infusion helping bank to comply with BASEL III norms a bit but not at a big level at the moment.
5 increase in money saving habits of poor/tribes, etc.
Plz suggest some online study material for Environmental issue , environment and wildlife ??
*URGENT*
Hi ! Please guide me in selecting good coaching institute in bangalore.
Very Confused 😞
regarding the preparation,which coaching is good for upsc preparation and how is the study material.do they provide the stdy materials?
Is it beneficial to join mains test series for a working professional like me who does have time constraints and one more thibg also clcked m
I am joining as a clerk in state bank of hyderabad in october. I have started my preparation with ncert books 2 days ago.My doubt is should i complete ncert books first and proceed to more advanced ones or directly read from prescribed books? And another query, anyone over here who are already working as a bank po or clerk or any job for that matter and preparing simultaneously? If so how to prepare for 2016 upsc exam? please reply its very urgent for me.What is your time table of study?
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In this article, we would discuss the urinary system.
The Urinary System
1. Also known as the renal system, it consists of the urinary bladder, urethra, ureters and kidneys.
2. Kidneys: It is a pair of bean-shaped organs found in the posterior of the abdominal cavity (below the rib cage). The left kidney is located slightly higher than the right kidney since the right side of the liver is larger and takes more space in the abdominal cavity. The kidneys are surrounded by a layer of adipose tissue that protects and holds them in place.
3. Kidneys contain small filtration units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a ball of small blood capillaries called glomerulus and a tube known as a renal tubule.
4. The function of kidneys is to filter metabolic wastes, excessive ions and chemicals from the blood. Urea (breakdown product of protein) together with other waste substances forms urine, which passes down through the ureters.
5. Ureters: These are responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Made up of smooth muscle fibers, it is 25 - 30 cm long and 3 - 4 mm wide.
6. Urinary bladder: Located in the lower abdomen, it is a triangular hollow organ for the storage of urine. It is held in position by ligaments attached to the pelvic bones and other organs. The walls of the urinary bladder contract and expand to release or store urine respectively. The capacity of an adult bladder is 300 - 400ml, above which a person gets an urge to urinate. Two sphincter muscles around the opening of the bladder prevent leakage of urine.
7. Urethra: Two in number, its length varies in men and women. The urethra is shorter in women (4.8 to 5 cm) and comparatively longer in men (20 cm). The urethra allows the urine to exit from the body. The muscles in urethra contract to propel the urine outside the bladder and the sphincter muscle relax to exit the urine through the body.
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