GMAT Sentence Correction Discussions

MBA
2919
Hey guyz cn u clear my doubt of using "HAD"???? lik in this prob

Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner,the investigators did not doubt whether the body recovered from the river was the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.

d) have no doubt whether the body recovered from the river was that of
e) had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of
OA-e

y not d ?? i know u will say we hv 2 use "that after doubt" bt plz explain me the use of "HAD" in dis prob have is wrong y????

1 mor example here i choose "HAD" bt again landed on wrong 1

His studies of ice-polished rocks in his alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-day glacier, led lousin agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas.

b) in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas
d) when great ice sheets had existed in current temperate areas
OA-b

y d ??? i mean i know current should be currently , bt if we use currently then cn we use "had" with it??
These are very basic things basic bt it alwz screw me up!! so thought y nt ask u all ppl out dr...:xmas:

thnx!!

Hi Geet
When you use 'have no doubt' in your first example, you are trying to say that the investigators in the present have no doubt regarding the incident. However, the sentence clearly is trying to say that this is an event pertaining to the past. So it cannot be 'have' - it has to be 'had'

Regarding the 2nd question, even if the option had currently, the correct answer would have been B only. The distinguishing factor is actually 'in which' and 'when'. You use 'when' when you are distinctly referring to a time event. Although the sentence is talking about 'age', in the context of the sentence 'age' is used as a noun not as a time event.

Hope this helps.
2920
Hello Everybody,

Can anyone please let me know Why "C" is correct answer to the question mentioned below.

Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in
England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.
(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati
Mukherjee
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati
Mukherjee
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati
Mukherjee

Cheers,
Ashutosh

Hi Ashutosh
Your question is from the OG.
You need to dissect the Subject, Verb and Modifier in this case. The subject is Bharati Mukherjee, the modifier is Born in 1940. The modifier has to be next to the subject/object it modifies (either just before or just after the subject/object)

The original sentence has messed up the entire thing and hence its out.
B does not follow the modifier rule correctly and messes up the semi-colon
D and E also misplace the modifier. So your best choice is C. (The semi-colon rule is that the entire sentence after the semi-colon should make complete sence and have a subject, verb, object)

Cheers
2921
Hey guyz cn u clear my doubt of using "HAD"???? lik in this prob

Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner,the investigators did not doubt whether the body recovered from the river was the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.

d) have no doubt whether the body recovered from the river was that of
e) had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of
OA-e

y not d ?? i know u will say we hv 2 use "that after doubt" bt plz explain me the use of "HAD" in dis prob have is wrong y????

1 mor example here i choose "HAD" bt again landed on wrong 1



Simple answer:
Have is for the present and had is for the past.
The opinion change occurred when after they found the body, which was in the past.

Long Answer:
 NOTE: The example above is problematic and possibly a poor example of GMAT SC. The underlined part in the sentence does not match your choices. This sentence introduces too many errors:
1. errors of subjunctive with the hypothetical "doubt" - see earlier post about the subjunctive;
2. errors of meaning, explained below with had;
3. errors of Adv. Verbs, see below about have + verb forms;
4. errors of comparison - not literally comparisons close enough to follow the same rule with the "that of" issue;; and
5. I am guessing even though you did not post all the choices, errors of idiomatic usages with the "whether/if" issue.
In the explanation below I will attempt to explain the issue you asked about, but the OA on this example is almost certainly incorrect (as you will hopefully understand shortly).

There are two distinct cases where the use of the verb have is on the GMAT. Often these uses will overlap, but if you understand what the "hook" is you will have no problem knowing the correct answer.

Have/has - present tense
Had - past tense


Case 1: The use of the verb "to have", meaning possession, rather than some other verb.
This is an issue of precision of meaning. Ensuring precision of meaning is the common factor with all of the rules tested on the GMAT.

Example: I have female friend. versus My friend is female.
This example is just to illustrate the point and not like anything you would see on the GMAT.

In the first sentence, have suggests ownership. Since we probably do not OWN the female in question, the GMAT would prefer the second example which removes that possible ambiguity.

Case 2: The use of the verb "to have" as a helper verb.
This is an issue of clarifying time frames and sequence. When I teach this to my students, I explain that a "have + verb" can only occur in a sentence in which there are two distinct time frames.

Your example:
Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner,the investigators did not doubt whether the body recovered from the river was the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.

Your example gives us both cases.

have versus did

Ask yourself, did the investigator OWN doubt or do doubt.
Possession or Action?
The GMAT would certainly use the did in this case.


had seen, had attempted (have as helper verb)

The have plus form is used to differentiate when two actions are occuring in related time frames. The have + form will be used to clarify that the time for each event/occurrence is different.

In your example, there are three things happening: an attempt to escape, the body is discovered and investigators form an opinion.
ALL are in the past, but happen in sequence and not simultaneously. We will need to use the "have + verb" form to clarify that they are not simultaneous.

In the modifier, the have + form is used (in my opinion unnecessarily) but it is irrelevant as it is not underlined and it is in a modifier.

In the body of the sentence, we have two actions that we need to *separate.* One of the actions has to take on a have + verb form.

If the had attempted is not underlined, and is therefore unchangeable, we have to NOT use that form with the other action. The earlier verb, "did" in the original, did not use a have + form and therefore was correct on this point.

Sorry for the long post. I tried to help you get at the central issues here in a way that you can use on many other sentences.

You can also find more free explanatory and practice material at gmat.bellcurves.com.

As always, I hope this helps.

Success,
Hashim
www.bellcurves.com/gmat
2922

1 mor example here i choose "HAD" bt again landed on wrong 1

His studies of ice-polished rocks in his alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-day glacier, led lousin agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas.

b) in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas
d) when great ice sheets had existed in current temperate areas
OA-b

y d ??? i mean i know current should be currently , bt if we use currently then cn we use "had" with it??
These are very basic things basic bt it alwz screw me up!! so thought y nt ask u all ppl out dr...:xmas:

thnx!!


See previous long post which explains the have + verb form.

Here the concept proposed is that the ice sheets existed then stopped existing. That sets up two time frames. We use the have + form to differentiate such time frames. "Had existed" does this effectively.

Note also, that choice b eliminates currently/current which makes it clear that we are in different time frames. The GMAT never removes or adds words for no reason. Make sure when considering your work that you also consider changes that you do NOT understand and learn why the test writer decided that it was important to change those words.

More information that should help you:

There are ONLY 13 things that SC tests + a catch-all bucket for meaning issues. Know for to recognize and the rule for these 13 things and SC becomes as easy as using the formula for the area of a circle.

Your example has another that is relevant:
Prepositions: Words that express relative location (spatial or temporal) such as in, around, while, between, during and over must be used LITERALLY.

An "age" refers to a TIME not a PLACE and therefore "in" cannot be correct and when is better.

As always, I hope this helps.

Success,

Hashim
GMAT Test Prep | Bell Curves - Business School Home
2923
Hello Everybody,

Can anyone please let me know Why "C" is correct answer to the question mentioned below.

Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee


Sorry for the long post.

Magic,

I will assume that the answers reflect the underlined part of the original sentence.

Note: This example tests 5 different issues altogether (6 if I count punctuation, which i guess I should). This is very high for the GMAT which typically test 2 or 3, and occasionally 4 issues per sentence. The structure of these choices, which allow for some of the rules to be disregarded in getting to the right answer, makes it a fair example and a great teaching example.

Short answer:
Do not use being, eliminate A & D.
"Have been," and related forms, are helper verbs and must come right in front of another verb. No secondary verb here. Eliminate B and E.

Long answer:
There are 3 of the 13 GMAT rules tested in this sentence that we see from looking at the original.

Modifiers
SPOT: Look for descriptive phrases separated by commas, at the beginning or end of the sentence.
RULE: A modifier must be as close as possible to the thing it describes.

The modifier here is attempting to describe BM. BM is immediately after the modifier. This is fine.

Note: That although the original may not have a problem with this rule, recognizing each rule in play is still crucial when we go to the answer choices.

Lists
SPOT: Look for lists of two or three things.
RULE: A list must be logically and structurally consistent.

There is a list in the modifier.
The list as constructed gives us two descriptions of BM that should be consistently constructed. Being a ... and born in.

Here this list is a problem. One item describes a location and the other is a verb (even though an awkward rarely used verb). We should make both locations or both verbs.

living in ... and born in
being ... and having been

Neither option is great but each is at least not violating the list rule. Once you understand this rule and the GMAT SC better, you will know that they will give us neither of these options.

The Ing Thing
SPOT: Look for -ing form of verbs.
RULE: Use the -ing form of verbs for an action in progress -OR- to begin a modifier.

Without even considering our choices we can understand that Being cannot be correct. Existence (to be) is not an action that can be done. This is the reason being is 99.9% of the time incorrect on the GMAT.

While the verbs having or using may have passed the Ing Thing test, being is a special case and we know that it must be eliminated.

We can go to the choices and just by scanning eliminate A and D.

Our answer choices introduce 2 new issues.
Pronouns
SPOT: Look for Pronouns in the underlined part of the sentence.
RULE: A pronoun must clearly and correctly refer to one thing.

The introduction of she into choice C informs us to consider Pronouns.
She is used to replace or refer to a singular female.
Is the reference clear? Is there only one female before the she in this sentence?

There is. Therefore the use of she is fine.

Adv Verbs
SPOT: Look for actions in two time frames or have + verb combinations.
RULE: When two actions occur are in the same frame (past present or future) and not happening at the same time, we must use the have + verb form with one of those verb to distinguish.

As described more fully in a previous post, have is used as the verb indicating possession or as a helper verb. The "having been" is classic helper form, but in these choices has no other verb to help!

B & E are eliminated.

Punctuation
SPOT: Look for semicolons and hyphens.
Semi-colon RULE: A semicolon must have a complete thought with a subject and a verb on each side of it.
Hyphen RULE: A pair of hyphens can replace a pair of commas (or single comma at the beginning or end of the sentence) to surround a modifier.

Here we see semicolons and so we check our rule.
The use of the semicolon in B does not have a subject and a verb on each side.
The use of the semicolon in C does have a subject and a verb on each side and is therefore fine.


I hope this helps.

Success,
Hashim
GMAT Test Prep | Bell Curves - Business School Home
2924
Sorry for the long post.

Magic,

I will assume that the answers reflect the underlined part of the original sentence.

Note: This example tests 5 different issues altogether (6 if I count punctuation, which i guess I should). This is very high for the GMAT which typically test 2 or 3, and occasionally 4 issues per sentence. The structure of these choices, which allow for some of the rules to be disregarded in getting to the right answer, makes it a fair example and a great teaching example.

Short answer:
Do not use being, eliminate A & D.
"Have been," and related forms, are helper verbs and must come right in front of another verb. No secondary verb here. Eliminate B and E.

Long answer:
There are 3 of the 13 GMAT rules tested in this sentence that we see from looking at the original.

Modifiers
SPOT: Look for descriptive phrases separated by commas, at the beginning or end of the sentence.
RULE: A modifier must be as close as possible to the thing it describes.

The modifier here is attempting to describe BM. BM is immediately after the modifier. This is fine.

Note: That although the original may not have a problem with this rule, recognizing each rule in play is still crucial when we go to the answer choices.

Lists
SPOT: Look for lists of two or three things.
RULE: A list must be logically and structurally consistent.

There is a list in the modifier.
The list as constructed gives us two descriptions of BM that should be consistently constructed. Being a ... and born in.

Here this list is a problem. One item describes a location and the other is a verb (even though an awkward rarely used verb). We should make both locations or both verbs.

living in ... and born in
being ... and having been

Neither option is great but each is at least not violating the list rule. Once you understand this rule and the GMAT SC better, you will know that they will give us neither of these options.

The Ing Thing
SPOT: Look for ing form of verbs.
RULE: Use the ing form of verbs for an action in progress OR to begin a modifier.

Without even considering our choices we can understand that Being cannot be correct. Existence (to be) is not an action that can be done. This is the reason being is 99.9% of the time incorrect on the GMAT.

While the verbs having or using may have passed the Ing Thing test, being is a special case and we know that it must be eliminated.

We can go to the choices and just by scanning eliminate A and D.

Our answer choices introduce 2 new issues.
Pronouns
SPOT: Look for Pronouns in the underlined part of the sentence.
RULE: A pronoun must clearly and correctly refer to one thing.

The introduction of she into choice C informs us to consider Pronouns.
She is used to replace or refer to a singular female.
Is the reference clear? Is there only one female before the she in this sentence?

There is. Therefore the use of she is fine.

Adv Verbs
SPOT: Look for actions in two time frames or have + verb combinations.
RULE: When two actions occur are in the same frame (past present or future) and not happening at the same time, we must use the have + verb form with one of those verb to distinguish.

As described more fully in a previous post, have is used as the verb indicating possession or as a helper verb. The "having been" is classic helper form, but in these choices has no other verb to help!

B & E are eliminated.

Punctuation
SPOT: Look for semicolons and hyphens.
Semi-colon RULE: A semicolon must have a complete thought with a subject and a verb on each side of it.
Hyphen RULE: A pair of hyphens can replace a pair of commas (or single comma at the beginning or end of the sentence) to surround a modifier.

Here we see semicolons and so we check our rule.
The use of the semicolon in B does not have a subject and a verb on each side.
The use of the semicolon in C does have a subject and a verb on each side and is therefore fine.


I hope this helps.

Success,
Hashim
GMAT Test Prep | Bell Curves - Business School Home


Dear Hashim
Your detailed explanations are really helpful.I will like to request you to clear my few doubts.
1.When to use an infinitive or a gerund phrase.
2.In the above post , I am not able to understand , why haved been form was incorrect.
3.use of comma.I have seen that sometimes phrase seperated by comma without any preposition ,that gives additional information about the subject is used and sometimes it is used with and.
Regards

Vikas
2925
Dear Hashim
Your detailed explanations are really helpful.I will like to request you to clear my few doubts.
1.When to use an infinitive or a gerund phrase.
2.In the above post , I am not able to understand , why haved been form was incorrect.
3.use of comma.I have seen that sometimes phrase seperated by comma without any preposition ,that gives additional information about the subject is used and sometimes it is used with and.
Regards

Vikas



Vikas,

1. Avoid Gerunds. The gerund is a verb acting like a noun. The GMAT despises ambiguity. The nature of the Gerund is ambiguous. Instead use the Ing Thing rule given above (Ex: OG 67, 71). It will steer you away from the wrong answer every time.

2. Look at an earlier post from me where I explain the Adv Verb error. The "have + verb" form requires another verb to follow it. Here the sentence says "having been in." In is not a verb.
Ex: OG 31, 35 - have + form.

3. The word AND should never follow a comma unless it is ending a list or following a modifier in the middle of the sentence.

If a modifier at the END of the sentence refers back to the subject (rather than whatever comes immediately before that modifier), it will start with an -ing verb.
Ex: OG 43, 104 Ing Thing in modifier at end of sentence.

Hope this clarifies.

Success,

Hashim
www.bellcurves.com/gmat
2926
Guys please help me out with these....

1) Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English
and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason as an expert does-computers that will be used
to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as
these.
(A) as an expert does--computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether
to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these
(B) as an expert does, which may be used for purposes such as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or
deciding whether to authorize a loan
(C) like an expert--computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or
deciding whether to authorize a loan
(D) like an expert, the use of which would be for purposes like the diagnosis of equipment breakdowns or
the decision whether or not a loan should be authorized
(E) like an expert, to be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan or
not, or the like



My choice is C , I have left a nd b because of the use of AS .Choice d and e is left as the last phrase focus on the last option instead of the computer.
2927

Yes the answer is C..this question is in the 10th OG. A is wrong because the parts in the sentence are not parallel. B has modifier error. D and E have redundancy and parallelism error. I hope this helps.

2928
anki.gupta Says
Yes the answer is C..this question is in the 10th OG. A is wrong because the parts in the sentence are not parallel. B has modifier error. D and E have redundancy and parallelism error. I hope this helps.


Hi can you explain me the use of As, So , Such as, So as.
These are pretty confusing to me

regards

Vikas
2929

The J.C. Penny chain of retail stores broke with its conservative cash and carry policy during its 1958 reorganization for deciding to sell on credit.

(a) during its 1958 reorganization for deciding to sell
(b) for the decision at its 1958 reorganization to sell
(c) when it was reorganized in 1958 for its decision to sell
(d) in deciding during its reorganization in 1958 to sell
(e) by deciding at its reorganization in 1958 on the selling of

I will request Puys to solve this one.I am confused between choice C and D.

Regards

Vikas

2930
Hi can you explain me the use of As, So , Such as, So as.
These are pretty confusing to me

regards

Vikas


hi few examples for u

1. Let us try to solve this problem in the same manner as we have done before.
2. If u are not able to solve that problem , u shud approach in some other manner so as to get an answer.
3. You should take some superbikes now such as Hayabusa.
4. So you are leaving us.

:
2931

i feel there is nothing wrong with the sentence..Answer A

2932
The J.C. Penny chain of retail stores broke with its conservative cash and carry policy during its 1958 reorganization for deciding to sell on credit.

(a) during its 1958 reorganization for deciding to sell
(b) for the decision at its 1958 reorganization to sell
(c) when it was reorganized in 1958 for its decision to sell
(d) in deciding during its reorganization in 1958 to sell
(e) by deciding at its reorganization in 1958 on the selling of


I will request Puys to solve this one.I am confused between choice C and D.

Regards

Vikas


Vikas,

NOTE: This seems to be a spiral of an old OG question. The spiral has introduced an additional problem that makes the answer (that I would select) unlike any answer you would probably choose on an Actual GMAT question.

Use your 13 SC Sins list to figure out what the sentence is testing. You can find the descriptions of the rules at GMAT Test Prep Bell Curves - Business School Home. I have also described some in previous posts.

In this sentence we see:

Pronouns
SPOT: Look for Pronouns in the underlined part of the sentence.
RULE: A pronoun must clearly and correctly refer to one thing.

"Its" is a pronoun in the underlined part.

The Ing Thing
SPOT: Look for ing form of verbs.
RULE: Use the ing form of verbs for an action in progress OR to begin a modifier.

"Deciding" is an -ing form of a verb.

Prepositions
SPOT: Look for words that indicate spatial or temporal placement.
RULE: Prepositions must be used literally (e.g., over means spatially above, around means spatially encircling et cetera).

"During" is a time specific preposition.
Solution
Pronouns must clearly and correctly refer to one thing. Even though the underlined use of pronoun "it" could refer either to the chain or the policy, the use of the it earlier unambiguously has fixed the meaning for us. Therefore the use of it is fine in the underlined part.

Unless we are talking about the company or its board deciding (in the act of making a decision) avoid using the -ing form when there is a noun that describes the action. Here the noun DECISION is more appropriate.

Prepositions must clearly describe location or relative placement and so "at" in inappropriate. Unless the decision was made at one occasion and one location, there is no "at" to be at. Choice D also introduces the preposition "in." There is nothing described that could contain anything else. While the expression "in deciding" may be used in English, it violates many of the rules that the GMAT holds dear and we are concerned with belling the GMAT.

Similarly, unless the reorganization took place over a period of time we cannot use "during." One issue with this example is there is no support for the belief that this is the case other than common sense (*GMAT does not use common sense as a criteria for selecting answers). So "when," which describes a single point in time, would be better.

Using these criteria, we should resolve on Choice C as the correct response.

I hope this helps Vikas.

Success.

Hashim
GMAT-SAT-LSAT-ACT Test Prep Bell Curves
2933
hi few examples for u

1. Let us try to solve this problem in the same manner as we have done before.
2. If u are not able to solve that problem , u shud approach in some other manner so as to get an answer.
3. You should take some superbikes now such as Hayabusa.
4. So you are leaving us.

:


Use of "so...as to"

so as to

e.g. Her debts are so extreme as to threaten the future of the company.

Refer Wren and martin page 134 for usage.
2934

Dear Vikas

In the question i do not use the concept of as, so etc etc...
however, let see the use..
As- used for comaprions
such as- examples
so..as to- idioms
these are idioms that you need to learn.
I have seen that a lot of times that idioms are useful to arrive at correct answers.

Hi can you explain me the use of As, So , Such as, So as.
These are pretty confusing to me

regards

Vikas
2935
Dear Vikas

In the question i do not use the concept of as, so etc etc...
however, let see the use..
As- used for comaprions
such as- examples
so..as to- idioms
these are idioms that you need to learn.
I have seen that a lot of times that idioms are useful to arrive at correct answers.


Yes, Knowing idioms is very important. Make notes as you solve the questions from OG and other books. Your own notes help more than those compiled by others.

You can always refer to Notes by Sahil, Spidey etc. They are very helpful.

~Cheers~
2936
I will request Puys to solve this one.I am confused between choice C and D.

Regards

Vikas



Vikas,

NOTE: This seems to be a spiral of an old OG question. The spiral has introduced an additional problem that makes the answer (that I would select) unlike any answer you would probably choose on an Actual GMAT question.

Use your 13 SC Sins list to figure out what the sentence is testing. You can find the descriptions of the rules at GMAT Test Prep Bell Curves - Business School Home. I have also described some in previous posts.

In this sentence we see:

Pronouns
SPOT: Look for Pronouns in the underlined part of the sentence.
RULE: A pronoun must clearly and correctly refer to one thing.
"Its" is a pronoun in the underlined part.
The Ing Thing
SPOT: Look for ing form of verbs.
RULE: Use the ing form of verbs for an action in progress OR to begin a modifier.
"Deciding" is an -ing form of a verb.
Prepositions
SPOT: Look for words that indicate spatial or temporal placement.
RULE: Prepositions must be used literally (e.g., over means spatially above, around means spatially encircling et cetera).
"During" is a time specific preposition.
Solution
Pronouns must clearly and correctly refer to one thing. Even though the underlined use of pronoun "it" could refer either to the chain or the policy, the use of the it earlier unambiguously has fixed the meaning for us. Therefore the use of it is fine in the underlined part.

Unless we are talking about the company or its board deciding (in the act of making a decision) avoid using the -ing form when there is a noun that describes the action. Here the noun DECISION is more appropriate.

Prepositions must clearly describe location or relative placement and so "at" in inappropriate. Unless the decision was made at one occasion and one location, there is no "at" to be at. Choice D also introduces the preposition "in." There is nothing described that could contain anything else. While the expression "in deciding" may be used in English, it violates many of the rules that the GMAT holds dear and we are concerned with belling the GMAT.

Similarly, unless the reorganization took place over a period of time we cannot use "during." One issue with this example is there is no support for the belief that this is the case other than common sense (*GMAT does not use common sense as a criteria for selecting answers). So "when," which describes a single point in time, would be better.

Using these criteria, we should resolve on Choice C as the correct response.

I hope this helps Vikas.

Success.

Hashim
GMAT-SAT-LSAT-ACT Test Prep Bell Curves
Thanks Hashim,
However Few more queries-
1.In deciding-Can you give more examples that how is this wrong.
2.I thought of option D , as it continues the idea of selling and deciding.

regards
Vikas
2937

Puys try this one-
In astronomy the term red shift denotes the extent to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted toward the red, or long-wave, end of the light spectrum by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the Earth.
(A) to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
(B) to which light from a distant galaxy has shifted
(C) that light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
(D) of light from a distant galaxy shifting
(E) of the shift of light from a distant galaxy

I have restricted my choices to A/B as I found other redundant,But am not sure of the use of to which.However A sounds better because of the use of has been , indicating an ongoing situation.
However Its better if someone can also suggest the use of OF , as in option D and E.

2938

Puys try this one-
In astronomy the term red shift denotes the extent to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted toward the red, or long-wave, end of the light spectrum by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the Earth.
(A) to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
(B) to which light from a distant galaxy has shifted
(C) that light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
(D) of light from a distant galaxy shifting
(E) of the shift of light from a distant galaxy

I have restricted my choices to A/B as I found other redundant,But am not sure of the use of to which.However A sounds better because of the use of has been , indicating an ongoing situation.
However Its better if someone can also suggest the use of OF , as in option D and E.
Regards

Vikas