GRAMMAR for CAT 08 and beyond

[godofdevils]

Hi This looks to be an interesting thread.., Thanks for starting this one .. Hey IIM Maniac we are eagerly waiting for ur uploads..

[dkny.jakhar]

@iim maniac...

it would be a gr8 thing if you would get it scanned ....in tihs way we all can use it....anyway thanks for the initiative

regards

Jakhar

[sumitrocks]

Puys, to improve grammar, I'd strongly recommend 'Wren and Martin's grammar' book. The book is not expensive, and is one of the widely accepted grammar handbooks. Moreover, there are some people who don't like ebooks. So, maybe it could be a good option for them.

Also, for anyone who requires help with grammar, you can email or PM me some short writeups or essays by you, and I can get back to you with any suggestions about your grammar.

[vyomb]

Here is the thread to direct all your inputs,contibutions and queries on parajumbles...
(Parajumbles for CAT 2008)ParaJumbles for CAT'08

[tzsrivastava]

Hi all u dedicated puys

starting with my first post in the series to follow....the basic thing....

What is Grammar?

Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time.
Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The short answer is "no". Very many people in the world speak their own, native language without having studied its grammar. Children start to speak before they even know the word "grammar". But if you are serious about learning a foreign language, the long answer is "yes, grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly and more efficiently." It's important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar (or system) of a language, you can understand many things yourself, without having to ask a teacher or look in a book.
So think of grammar as something good, something positive, and something that you can use to find your way - like a signpost or a map.
* Except invented languages like Esperanto. And if Esperanto were widely spoken, its rules would soon be very different.

...hope this is an eye opener 4 many like me who take grammar as sumthing beyong our reach...

rgds
tarun

[IIM maniac]

PUYS,There is problem, the scanner in my office is not accesible to me all the time, yesterday i started scanning but i could get only 3 pages scaned.Can anyone help me out for scanning it?Any puy in Pune could help me, then plz PM me? or else it will take week for me to upload it. help puys..

[tzsrivastava]

many of us might know all this..but i m doing so to make this thread complete in all respect...wil keep adding terms to it as i proceed...

Glossary of English Grammar Terms

Active Voice
In the active voice, the subject of the verb does the action (eg They killed the President). See also Passive Voice.
Adjective
A word like big, red, easy, French etc. An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.
Adverb
A word like slowly, quietly, well, often etc. An adverb modifies a verb.
Article
The "indefinite" articles are a and an. The "definite article" is the.
Auxiliary Verb
A verb that is used with a main verb. Be, do and have are auxiliary verbs. Can, may, must etc are modal auxiliary verbs.
Clause
A group of words containing a subject and its verb (for example: It was late when he arrived).
Conjunction
A word used to connect words, phrases and clauses (for example: and, but, if).
Infinitive
The basic form of a verb as in to work or work.
Interjection
An exclamation inserted into an utterance without grammatical connection (for example: oh!, ah!, ouch!, well!).
Modal Verb
An auxiliary verb like can, may, must etc that modifies the main verb and expresses possibility, probability etc. It is also called "modal auxiliary verb".
Noun
A word like table, dog, teacher, America etc. A noun is the name of an object, concept, person or place. A "concrete noun" is something you can see or touch like a person or car. An "abstract noun" is something that you cannot see or touch like a decision or happiness. A "countable noun" is something that you can count (for example: bottle, song, dollar). An "uncountable noun" is something that you cannot count (for example: water, music, money).
Object
In the active voice, a noun or its equivalent that receives the action of the verb. In the passive voice, a noun or its equivalent that does the action of the verb.
Participle
The -ing and -ed forms of verbs. The -ing form is called the "present participle". The -ed form is called the "past participle" (for irregular verbs, this is column 3).
Part Of Speech
One of the eight classes of word in English - noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction and interjection.
Passive Voice
In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb (eg The President was killed). See also Active Voice.
Phrase
A group of words not containing a subject and its verb (eg on the table, the girl in a red dress).
Predicate
Each sentence contains (or implies) two parts: a subject and a predicate. The predicate is what is said about the subject.
Preposition
A word like at, to, in, over etc. Prepositions usually come before a noun and give information about things like time, place and direction.
Pronoun
A word like I, me, you, he, him, it etc. A pronoun replaces a noun.
Sentence
A group of words that express a thought. A sentence conveys a statement, question, exclamation or command. A sentence contains or implies a subject and a predicate. In simple terms, a sentence must contain a verb and (usually) a subject. A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).
Subject
Every sentence contains (or implies) two parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is the main noun (or equivalent) in a sentence about which something is said.
Tense
The form of a verb that shows us when the action or state happens (past, present or future). Note that the name of a tense is not always a guide to when the action happens. The "present continuous tense", for example, can be used to talk about the present or the future.
Verb
A word like (to) work, (to) love, (to) begin. A verb describes an action or state.

[tzsrivastava]

sorry the table wasnt posted properly...will do it in a short while...

[tzsrivastava]

Originally Posted by IIM maniac

PUYS,There is problem, the scanner in my office is not accesible to me all the time, yesterday i started scanning but i could get only 3 pages scaned.Can anyone help me out for scanning it?Any puy in Pune could help me, then plz PM me? or else it will take week for me to upload it. help puys..

can u let us know the name of the book...may be we can find it at some book sjop in our city...

rgds
tarun

[tzsrivastava]

frnds,

i need to know one thing...shud we be posting every basic chapter here step by step...or start directly with funda's...

plz reply soon...in case of the latter i can send a word doc whic covers all the basic aspects of grammar...

rgds
tarun
PS: u can pm me ur responses...