[Unhappy_Demon]

Crack this...

A controversial program rewards prison inmates who behave particularly well in prison by giving them the chance to receive free cosmetic plastic surgery performed by medical students. The program is obviously morally questionable, both in its assumptions about what inmates might want and in its use of the prison population to train future surgeons. Putting these moral issues aside, however, the surgery clearly has a powerful rehabilitative effect as is shown by the fact that, among recipients of the surgery, the proportion who are convicted of new crimes committed after release is only half that for the prison population as a whole.

A flaw in the reasoning of the passage is that it

(A) allows moral issues to be a consideration in presenting evidence about matters of fact

(B) dismisses moral considerations on the grounds that only matters of fact are relevant

(C) labels the program as controversial instead of discussing the issues that give rise to controversy

(D) asserts that the rehabilitation of criminals is not a moral issue.

(E) relies on evidence drawn from a sample that there is reason to believe is unrepresentative

OA to follow

[shashank3012]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

Crack this...

A controversial program rewards prison inmates who behave particularly well in prison by giving them the chance to receive free cosmetic plastic surgery performed by medical students. The program is obviously morally questionable, both in its assumptions about what inmates might want and in its use of the prison population to train future surgeons. Putting these moral issues aside, however, the surgery clearly has a powerful rehabilitative effect as is shown by the fact that, among recipients of the surgery, the proportion who are convicted of new crimes committed after release is only half that for the prison population as a whole.

A flaw in the reasoning of the passage is that it

(A) allows moral issues to be a consideration in presenting evidence about matters of fact

(B) dismisses moral considerations on the grounds that only matters of fact are relevant

(C) labels the program as controversial instead of discussing the issues that give rise to controversy

(D) asserts that the rehabilitation of criminals is not a moral issue.

(E) relies on evidence drawn from a sample that there is reason to believe is unrepresentative

OA to follow

my take
option (A)

options were quite confusing...

[Unhappy_Demon]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

Crack this...

A controversial program rewards prison inmates who behave particularly well in prison by giving them the chance to receive free cosmetic plastic surgery performed by medical students. The program is obviously morally questionable, both in its assumptions about what inmates might want and in its use of the prison population to train future surgeons. Putting these moral issues aside, however, the surgery clearly has a powerful rehabilitative effect as is shown by the fact that, among recipients of the surgery, the proportion who are convicted of new crimes committed after release is only half that for the prison population as a whole.

A flaw in the reasoning of the passage is that it

(A) allows moral issues to be a consideration in presenting evidence about matters of fact

(B) dismisses moral considerations on the grounds that only matters of fact are relevant

(C) labels the program as controversial instead of discussing the issues that give rise to controversy

(D) asserts that the rehabilitation of criminals is not a moral issue.

(E) relies on evidence drawn from a sample that there is reason to believe is unrepresentative

OA to follow

..... .. OA is E

[Unhappy_Demon]

Reading Practice
============

Since 1953, many experimental attempts to synthesize the chemical constituents of life under primitive Earth conditions have been performed, but none of these experiments has produced anything approaching the complexity of the simplest organism. They have demonstrated, however, that a variety of the complex molecules currently making up living organisms could have been present in the early ocean and atmosphere, with only one limitation: such molecules are synthesized far less readily when oxygen-containing compounds dominate the atmosphere. Therefore some scientists postulate that the Earth earliest atmosphere, unlike that of today, was dominated by hydrogen, methane, and ammonia.

From these studies, scientists have concluded that the surface of the primitive Earth was covered with oceans containing the molecules fundamental to life. Although, at present, scientists cannot explain how these relatively small molecules combined to produce larger, more complex molecules, some scientists have precipitously ventured hypotheses that attempt to explain the development, from lager molecules, of the earliest self-duplicating organisms.

Questions:
========

According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the process by which the chemical constituents of life were synthesized under primitive Earth conditions?

(A) The synthesis is unlikely to occur under current atmospheric conditions.

(B) The synthesis is common in modern laboratories.

(C) The synthesis occurs more readily in the atmosphere than in the ocean.

(D) The synthesis easily produces the most complex organic molecules.

(E) The synthesis is accelerated by the presence of oxygen-containing compounds.



2. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) point out that theories about how life developed on Earth have changed little since 1953

(B) warn of increasing levels of hydrogen, methane, and ammonia in the Earth's atmosphere

(C) describe the development since 1953 of some scientists understanding of how life began on Earth

(D) demonstrate that the synthesis of life in the laboratory is too difficult for modern technology

(E) describe how primitive atmospheric conditions produced the complex molecules of living organisms

3. It can be inferred from the passage that some scientists assume which of the following concerning larger, more complex molecules (line 20)?

(A) The earliest atmosphere was formed primarily of these molecules.

(B) Chemical processes involving these molecules proceeded much more slowly under primitive Earth conditions.

(C) The presence of these molecules would necessarily precede the existence of simple organisms.

(D) Experimental techniques will never be sufficiently sophisticated to produce in the laboratory simple organisms from these chemical constituents.

(E) Explanations could easily be developed to explain how simple molecules combined to form these more complex ones.

4. The authors reaction to the attempts that have been made to explain the development of the first self-duplication organisms can best be described as one of

(A) enthusiasm

(B) expectation

(C) dismay

(D) skepticism

(E) antipathy

[Unhappy_Demon]

Crack this...

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water. Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?

A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.

B. Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago,none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.

C. Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close
proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.

D. The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.

E. Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.

[shashank3012]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

Reading Practice
============

Since 1953, many experimental attempts to synthesize the chemical constituents of life under primitive Earth conditions have been performed, but none of these experiments has produced anything approaching the complexity of the simplest organism. They have demonstrated, however, that a variety of the complex molecules currently making up living organisms could have been present in the early ocean and atmosphere, with only one limitation: such molecules are synthesized far less readily when oxygen-containing compounds dominate the atmosphere. Therefore some scientists postulate that the Earth earliest atmosphere, unlike that of today, was dominated by hydrogen, methane, and ammonia.

From these studies, scientists have concluded that the surface of the primitive Earth was covered with oceans containing the molecules fundamental to life. Although, at present, scientists cannot explain how these relatively small molecules combined to produce larger, more complex molecules, some scientists have precipitously ventured hypotheses that attempt to explain the development, from lager molecules, of the earliest self-duplicating organisms.

Questions:
========

According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the process by which the chemical constituents of life were synthesized under primitive Earth conditions?

(A) The synthesis is unlikely to occur under current atmospheric conditions.

(B) The synthesis is common in modern laboratories.

(C) The synthesis occurs more readily in the atmosphere than in the ocean.

(D) The synthesis easily produces the most complex organic molecules.

(E) The synthesis is accelerated by the presence of oxygen-containing compounds.



2. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) point out that theories about how life developed on Earth have changed little since 1953

(B) warn of increasing levels of hydrogen, methane, and ammonia in the Earth's atmosphere

(C) describe the development since 1953 of some scientists understanding of how life began on Earth

(D) demonstrate that the synthesis of life in the laboratory is too difficult for modern technology

(E) describe how primitive atmospheric conditions produced the complex molecules of living organisms

3. It can be inferred from the passage that some scientists assume which of the following concerning larger, more complex molecules (line 20)?

(A) The earliest atmosphere was formed primarily of these molecules.

(B) Chemical processes involving these molecules proceeded much more slowly under primitive Earth conditions.

(C) The presence of these molecules would necessarily precede the existence of simple organisms.

(D) Experimental techniques will never be sufficiently sophisticated to produce in the laboratory simple organisms from these chemical constituents.

(E) Explanations could easily be developed to explain how simple molecules combined to form these more complex ones.

4. The authors reaction to the attempts that have been made to explain the development of the first self-duplication organisms can best be described as one of

(A) enthusiasm

(B) expectation

(C) dismay

(D) skepticism

(E) antipathy

my take
1)A
2)D
3)D
4)B

[shashank3012]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

Crack this...

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water. Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?

A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.

B. Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago,none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.

C. Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close
proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.

D. The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.

E. Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.

my take
option (D)

[Unhappy_Demon]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

Crack this...

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water. Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?

A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.

B. Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago,none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.

C. Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close
proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.

D. The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.

E. Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.

...OA is A.

it was bit in a complex side i believe.

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water.this means within 60 and 50m years they used to take fresh water because they did not have kidneys enabling them to drink salt water.


Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans

oceans have salty water.

Now see A.

A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.

If they were separated from Asia and found in other continent then they wont go because ocean has salty water ...they would prefer staying near the freshwater in the river in ancient Asia.

SO A has to be the Answer.

Let me know if you have any queries.
thanks

[shashank3012]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

...OA is A.

it was bit in a complex side i believe.

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water.this means within 60 and 50m years they used to take fresh water because they did not have kidneys enabling them to drink salt water.


Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans

oceans have salty water.

Now see A.

A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.

If they were separated from Asia and found in other continent then they wont go because ocean has salty water ...they would prefer staying near the freshwater in the river in ancient Asia.

SO A has to be the Answer.

Let me know if you have any queries.
thanks

yes,it was confusing.the fact that,whales wander into salt water sometimes made matters slightly difficult

[Unhappy_Demon]

Originally Posted by Unhappy_Demon

Reading Practice
============

Since 1953, many experimental attempts to synthesize the chemical constituents of life under primitive Earth conditions have been performed, but none of these experiments has produced anything approaching the complexity of the simplest organism. They have demonstrated, however, that a variety of the complex molecules currently making up living organisms could have been present in the early ocean and atmosphere, with only one limitation: such molecules are synthesized far less readily when oxygen-containing compounds dominate the atmosphere. Therefore some scientists postulate that the Earth earliest atmosphere, unlike that of today, was dominated by hydrogen, methane, and ammonia.

From these studies, scientists have concluded that the surface of the primitive Earth was covered with oceans containing the molecules fundamental to life. Although, at present, scientists cannot explain how these relatively small molecules combined to produce larger, more complex molecules, some scientists have precipitously ventured hypotheses that attempt to explain the development, from lager molecules, of the earliest self-duplicating organisms.

Questions:
========

According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the process by which the chemical constituents of life were synthesized under primitive Earth conditions?

(A) The synthesis is unlikely to occur under current atmospheric conditions.

(B) The synthesis is common in modern laboratories.

(C) The synthesis occurs more readily in the atmosphere than in the ocean.

(D) The synthesis easily produces the most complex organic molecules.

(E) The synthesis is accelerated by the presence of oxygen-containing compounds.



2. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) point out that theories about how life developed on Earth have changed little since 1953

(B) warn of increasing levels of hydrogen, methane, and ammonia in the Earth's atmosphere

(C) describe the development since 1953 of some scientists understanding of how life began on Earth

(D) demonstrate that the synthesis of life in the laboratory is too difficult for modern technology

(E) describe how primitive atmospheric conditions produced the complex molecules of living organisms

3. It can be inferred from the passage that some scientists assume which of the following concerning larger, more complex molecules (line 20)?

(A) The earliest atmosphere was formed primarily of these molecules.

(B) Chemical processes involving these molecules proceeded much more slowly under primitive Earth conditions.

(C) The presence of these molecules would necessarily precede the existence of simple organisms.

(D) Experimental techniques will never be sufficiently sophisticated to produce in the laboratory simple organisms from these chemical constituents.

(E) Explanations could easily be developed to explain how simple molecules combined to form these more complex ones.

4. The authors reaction to the attempts that have been made to explain the development of the first self-duplication organisms can best be described as one of

(A) enthusiasm

(B) expectation

(C) dismay

(D) skepticism

(E) antipathy

......OA as follows

1. A
2. C
3. C
4. D

@shashank , how did you find 1.A ? can you plz explain that