What is the difference between National park and sactuary in terms of - tourism alllowed in core areas for both? Also i read that are national parks only for particular species and sanctuaries for general species? Where can I get a comprehensive definition
Guys, I was finding it difficult to continuously study from
So I tried this online course on Geography.
It has been pretty good so far. I have finished half the course. Check it out if you face the same trouble as me. They apparently have courses on other sections as well :')
Hey guys plz tell me bttr site for audio n video notes
Current year's exam gk questions. Where will I find them? And when is the next exam?
I want to download the past papers of Mains for Economics. I have got all the papers 2009-14. I have been unable to find papers prior to that ( the only ones I could manage was 2007 & 2003 from ias passion) Can someone help me to find papers before 2008 fr eco optional
Any one with chemistry as optional in Hindi medium.
General Science bullet - Classification of organisms - Bullet 2
Given the importance of this topic from competitive examinations like SSC CGL, UPSC in this article, we would look at the five-kingdom classification and kingdom Monera in detail.
1. The five kingdoms are Protista, Monera, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
2. Whittaker's five-kingdom classification is based on the cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.
3. Monera: Proposed by Ernst Haeckel in the year 1866, this class comprises single-celled organisms known as unicellular organisms.
a. Cell type: Unicellular
b. Cell wall: Noncellulosic
c. Nuclear membrane: Absent
d. Mode of nutrition: Autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic (saprophytic/ parasitic).
4. Bacteria are the sole members of kingdom Monera. They occur abundantly in most extreme conditions too. For eg. Hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans.
5. On the basis of their shapes, bacteria are divided into four categories: spherical coccus, rod-shaped bacillus, comma-shaped vibrios and the spiral spirillum.
6. Bacteria show extensive metabolic diversity. Few bacteria are autotrophic (they synthesise their own food from inorganic substances) in nature while others are heterotrophic (depend on other organisms or dead organic matter).
7. Archaebacteria: Now known as archaea, this special class of bacteria exist in the very harsh environments (resembling the ancient bacteria). Its different types include, Methanogens (produce methane gas as a by-product of their metabolism), halophiles (survive in extremely high salt concentrations) and thermophiles (tolerate high temperatures).
8. Eubacteria (true bacteria): These bacteria have a distinct cell wall and a flagellum, if they are motile (). These can be gram positive or gram negative in nature based on the cell wall composition. Cyanobacteria (also known as blue green algae) are a sub-group of eubacteria that obtain energy through photosynthesis. Some of these bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts.
9. Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature and most of them are decomposers.
10. Production of curd from milk, antibiotics, and vaccines are some of the important uses of heterotrophic bacteria. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the production of alcohol while lactobacillus is responsible for the formation of curd. On the other hand, some of them are pathogens harming humans and animal life. Cholera, typhoid, tetanus, etc are few of the well-known diseases caused by bacteria.
11. Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen. Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in animals and plants.
General Knowledge and Current Affairs are an important component of many competitive exams, such as the UPSC Civil Services Examination, SSC CGL Exam, Bank PO & other PSU entrance tests, etc. Therefore, understanding the concepts/terms/events that are significant in our daily lives is critical for aspirants. To make your preparation easier and to help you score better in your exams, we at PaGaLGuY bring you brief articles on important phenomena, concepts and events. Spend just 15 minutes every day on pagalguy.com and score at least 10 more marks in your General Studies paper!
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http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02ser/Speaking-order-02122015.pdf
Can anyone throw some light on the recent announcement by DoPT regarding no additional chance to 2011 UPSC aspirants who have given attempts in last 3 years. Does that mean that the extended number of attempts to 6 for general category has been reversed?? Kindly guide.
economics optional walon... attendance do... aur share karo ...mann ki baat 😂
General Science Bullet - Classification of Organisms - Capsule 3
Given the importance of this topic from competitive examinations like SSC CGL, UPSC in this article, we would look
kingdom Protista and its characteristics.
1. Protista: Discovered by Ernst Haeckel in 1866, this class includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
a. Cell type: Eukaryotic
b. Cell wall: Present in some
c. Nuclear membrane: Present
d. Mode of nutrition: Autotrophic and heterotrophic
2. All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under this class, most of which are aquatic in nature.
3. Protists reproduce asexually (cell fusion) as well as sexually (zygote formation).
4. Chrysophyta (golden algae): This group includes diatoms and golden algae (desmids) found in both fresh and marine environments. Fishes feed on diatoms as are the chief producers (phytoplanktons) in the ocean. These floating diatoms accumulate gradually over billions of years at the bottom of the water table to form diatomaceous earth (type of soil).
5. Diatomaceous earth is used for polishing, filtration of oils and syrups.
6. Dinoflagellates: Unicellular protists, dinoflagellates are mostly photosynthetic and found abundantly in marine waters. Their cell wall has stiff cellular plates on its outer surface. They appear yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.
7. Red dinoflagellates rapidly multiply during summers causing algal blooms. This phenomenon is known as red tide (water covered with these organisms make it appear red). It also releases toxins, which harms marine fauna.
8. Euglenoids: They are fresh water organisms found mostly in stagnant water. Instead of a cell wall, their outer surface is a protein-rich layer called pellicle (responsible for flexibility). They are autotrophic in the presence of sunlight, however, they behave as heterotrophs.
9. Slime moulds: Eukaryotic protists have a saprophytic mode of nutrition (feed on dead and decaying matter). They are generally single-celled but under suitable conditions, they fuse to form an aggregate called plasmodium, which can be several feet long. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies that have spores at their tips. These spores are dispersed by air currents.
10. Protozoans: Unicellular eukaryotic organisms, all protozoans are heterotrophic and live as predators or parasites. Four major groups of protozoans are Amoeboid (eg. Entamoeba), Ciliated (eg. Paramoecium), flagellated (eg. Trypanosoma) and Sporozoans (eg. Plasmodium - causal agent of malaria).
General Knowledge and Current Affairs are an important component of many competitive exams, such as the UPSC Civil Services Examination, SSC CGL Exam, Bank PO & other PSU entrance tests, etc. Therefore, understanding the concepts/terms/events that are significant in our daily lives is critical for aspirants. To make your preparation easier and to help you score better in your exams, we at PaGaLGuY bring you brief articles on important phenomena, concepts and events. Spend just 15 minutes every day on pagalguy.com and score at least 10 more marks in your General Studies paper!
To get fresh updates about different exams on your Facebook & Twitter timelines, subscribe to our pages created specifically for them. We will post only exam specific links on these pages:
Bank PO:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pagalguybankpo
Twitter: https://twitter.com/PaGaLGuYBankPO
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Facebook: http://www.pagalguy.com/ssc
Twitter: https://twitter.com/pagalguyssc
UPSC:
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The Delhi government's new proposed rule to run vehicles with odd and even numbers on alternate days incurred much flak from social media users soon after being announced on December 4.
- But despite all that, the system is scheduled to be implemented in Delhi from January 1, 2016. Keeping that in mind, here are a few things to know you could learn about it:
What exactly is the odd-even vehicle rule?
- The AAP cabinet announced private vehicles will be allowed to run across the city based on their registration numbers. For example, if a vehicle's registration number ends with an odd digit, it will be allowed on the road on January 1, while that ending with an even number can be driven on the second, and so on.
- This step has been taken as a measure to bring down and control pollution in Delhi.
Where did it come from?
- This system was implemented in Beijing in 2008 just before the summer Olympics. While the rule was initially said to be temporary, it turned out to be so effective the government made it permanent.
- Similar road-rationing rules are imposed in many places around the world like Paris, Mexico and Bogota to curb road jams and pollution.
- In fact, the technique of road-rationing dates as far back as Roman age, and none other than the Shakespearean hero Julius Caesar had enforced it. We wonder if that was why Brutus did to Caesar what he did! #JustSaying
Why is it being enforced?
- The Delhi High Court directed the Centre and State governments to come up with comprehensive action plans to put a check on the capital city's "alarming" pollution rate, saying living in Delhi is like "living in a gas chamber".
- A day after this, the Kejriwal-led government declared the odd-even vehicle rule with the hope it would lower the number of vehicles hitting the road per day, eventually bringing down the city's air pollution rate.
Few things to know about it
- Private vehicles with odd registration numbers will be allowed on the road on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
- Vehicles with even numbers will run on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Nothing has been finalised about Sundays yet.
- This rule will not be applicable on emergency vehicles like PCR vans, fire tenders and ambulances, and on public transports like CNG-driven buses, taxis and auto-rickshaws.
- Good news for bike owners, for the government has decided to exempt two-wheelers from this rule.
- This system, therefore, will be applicable only on private-owned four wheelers running across Delhi, and on those coming in from other states. And that includes vehicles used by ministers and bureaucrats of all ranks.
- The government has added the public transport will be strengthened from the first of January. This will include increasing the frequency of metro trains across the city.
- Responding to the raging criticism, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal has said this system will be tested for 15 days and will be scrapped if it does not work for the citizens.
Other rules being implied along side
- Trucks will not be allowed to run across Delhi until 11pm.
- All vehicles will have to follow the standards of Euro VI 2017.
- The Delhi government has also decided to shut down the Badarpur power plant in southern Delhi, which is one of the coal-based plants of the NTPC.
Courtesy: India Today
Hi guys, Am new here.. I wanted the past editions of 'The chronicle' and 'Competition success'. Where can I get the same Please advise
Where can i download IASbaba 2016 prelims test series for free?
Hey guys... I am new to UPSC preparation. I have a confusion. Whether only the English part of CSAT paper -2 or the whole paper-2 is passing 33%?
Apparently Jayalalitha has asked UPSC to postpone CSE -
https://twitter.com/airnewsalerts/status/676041459158540293
PS: Merely sharing the info for those interested, not speculating anything.
Mains quick revison..gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4
https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0BwvzIvOzzX8SWEstc2dOR3BSNjA