Please continue here for the para completion/sentence deletion discussions for CAT 2013 Links of previous year 2012 Link- http://www.pagalguy.com/forums/verbal-ability/para-completion-slash-sentence-deletion-cat-2012-t-74733/p-3051709…
Please continue here for the para completion/sentence deletion discussions for CAT 2013
Links of previous year
2012 Link- http://www.pagalguy.com/forums/verbal-ability/para-completion-slash-sentence-deletion-cat-2012-t-74733/p-3051709?page=146
2011 Link- http://www.pagalguy.com/discussions/para-completion-sentence-deletion-cat-2011-25062055/2466902
All the Best to everyone 
The first post will give you the idea of how to solve Para Completion & Sentence Deletion questions in CAT and in other MBA Entrance Exams .
We need to hence remember that the correct answer choice in Para Completion is an extension of the passage and is written by the same person who wrote the passage,so there have to be similarities between the paragraph and the correct answer choice. If we are able to identify the similarities or dissimilarities between the paragraph and the choices we have tamed the monster. Identifying similarities is usually more difficult than identifying dissimilarities and itI have my 4 Rules to identify the incorrect choices. Obviously eliminating 3 incorrect choices will give us the answer.
4 Rules to Master Para Completion
Rule 1: Scope of passage and answer choice should be the same
Scope loosely refers to the subject of the passage and the issues discussed in it. Scope of the correct answer choice should be the same as that of the passage. For example, if the passage discusses the benefits of Nuclear Energy, choices discussing Solar Power are unlikely to be correct. When a choice is out of scope, it is discussing issues or subjects that are different from those in the passage.Out of scope can be loosely translated as out of syllabus.
Rule 2: Scale of the passage and answer choice should be the same
Consider a passage on the outbreak of bird flu in a city, the correct answer choice will also focus on the city, it will not significantly change the scale (or size) of the problem. Thus any choice that extends the bird flu problem of the city to the country or reduces it to a small part of the city is unlikely to be correct.In other words the size of the problem will be the same in the paragraph and the correct answer choice.
Rule 3: Tone of the passage and the answer choice should be the same
If the author of the paragraph has a favourable opinion on an issue then the correct answer choice should also reflect it. The tone of the passage and the correct answer choice has to be the same.If the passage is laudatory, it is not possible for the correct answer choice to be critical.
Rule 4: Continuity
Just as Ganges flows from Gangotri to Rishikesh to Varanasi and cannot reverse its direction, an issue that has been discussed and closed in the paragraph will not be taken up again, remember from Rishikesh Ganges can flow only to Varanasi and not to Gangotri. It is the last thought or issue that has to be taken forward and not something that is dead and buried.
How to apply these 4 Rules?
Obviously you start by reading the paragraph and going through the choices. Check each choice for similarity with the passage on account of Scope (syllabus), Scale (size) Tone and Continuity (flow). Any choice that does not adhere to these four has to be incorrect and eliminated.
1. If you are able to eliminate 3 out of 4 choices the remaining choice is the answer.
2. If you are able to eliminate 2 out of 4 choices, compare the two remaining choices and the one which is closer to the paragraph in terms of scope, scale, tone and continuity is the answer.
3. If you are able to eliminate only 1 out of 4 choices, move on to the next question.
4. If you are unable to eliminate any choice €“ obviously this need not be discussed
Application of 4 Rules to a few questions for better understanding:
Q1. Teaching creationism in American public schools has been outlawed since 1987 when the Supreme Court ruled that the inclusion of religious material in science classes was unconstitutional. In recent years, however, opponents of the theory of evolution – first developed by Charles Darwin, have regrouped, challenging science education with the doctrine of “intelligent design”, which has been carefully stripped of all references to God and religion. Unlike traditional creationism, which claims that God created the earth in six days, proponents of intelligent design say the workings of this planet are too complex to be ascribed to evolution. There must have been a designer working to a plan – that is, a creator. _____________________
(a) However, these kinds of teachings are unacceptable to the American public.
(b) However, there are many schools that are in favour of teaching traditional creationism to the students.
(c) However, such beliefs are not substantial enough to convince the American courts to allow teaching the subject in its schools.
(d) However, the American government believes that the students must have the knowledge of traditional creationism, as well as, intelligent design.
(e) However, some believe that parents should decide what subjects should be taught to their children
Choice (a): Incorrect,change of scope, the paragraph does not discuss the views of the American public.
Choice (b): Incorrect,change of scope, the paragraph does not discuss the views of the schools.
Choice (c): Could be correct, scope is view of American courts, and the tone is the same as the view is the same in another similar situation.
Choice (d): Incorrect,change of scope from view of American Courts to views of the American Government.
Choice (e): Incorrect,change of scope from view of American Courts to views of the parents.
Correct answer: Choice (c)
Q2. The Ninth Schedule was created by Jawaharlal Nehru's government as a vessel to protect agrarian reform legislation. Nehru's vessel became a constitutional dustbin for Indira Gandhi's and later governments to provide immunity for any kind of legislation relating to elections, mines and minerals, industrial regulation, requisition of property, monopolies, coal or copper nationalisation, general insurance, sick industries, acquiring the Alcock Ashdown company, Kerala Chitties Act, Tamil Nadu reservations of 69 per cent and so on. _____________________
(a) This misuse is only characteristic of the political situation in India.
(b) Protection has become a veil for rampant corruption.
(c) No principle underlies this selection.
(d) Theoretically, all state and Union legislations lack substance.
(e) The dustbin was of limitless capacity.
Choice (a): Incorrect,scale (or scope) has changed from Indira Gandhi's and later Governments to entire political class.
Choice (b): Incorrect,change of scope, corruption has not been discussed in the paragraph and hence out of syllabus
Choice (c): Could be correct,it has a tone of disapproval like the paragraph and it talks about all kind of legislation (no principle) but introduces a new concept – principle and hence the scope is possibly different.
Choice (d): Incorrect,scale has changed to encompass all legislations and scope has changed by including both state and the Union.
Choice (e): Correcton account of tone (disapproving) and continuity (dustbin) and does not have a problem of either scale or scope.
Correct answer: Choice (e)
Q3.The digital-storytelling movement started in the early 1990s with performance artists such as San Francisco-based Atchley. But the technique is just beginning to take hold in the world of e-business. At last fall's national Digital Storytelling Festival in Crested Butte, Colo., nearly half of the people signed up represented corporations. “The stories that people are telling on the Web around corporate brands are astounding,” says Atchley. “Knowledge is best shared and remembered through a good story, and companies are just starting to catch on to all that this can mean.”__________________
(a) If so, digital storytelling will see that computer prices continue to plummet.
(b) If so, digital storytelling will link high-speed data lines and more people to the Web.
(c) If so, digital storytelling will help companies to know more than what they knew earlier.
(d) If so, digital storytelling will only become more popular.
(e) If so, digital storytelling will only become less popular.
Choice (a): Incorrect,change of scope – Computer prices out of syllabus.
Choice (b): Incorrect,change of scope – High speed data lines & web are not discussed in the paragraph.
Choice (c): Incorrect,change of scope – The focus of the paragraph is on digital storytelling and not on how it will help companies.
Choice (d): Correct,on account of Scope & Continuity. The focus of this choice is on digital storytelling and also takes forward the impact of interest of companies – more popularity.
Choice (e): Incorrect,change of tone – the paragraph talks only of increasing popularity while the choice is making digital storytelling less popular.
Correct answer: Choice (d)
Q4.No fewer than 70,000 workers would have been needed to lug limestone blocks from desert miles away to the building sites of the pyramids. Yet there is little evidence that the pharaohs had to coerce their subjects to leave their fields and families in order to build a monument whose completion any single worker would certainly never see. All people apparently willingly participated in the pageant of immortality-made-real. With no hope of a berth for themselves in the tomb, the workers nonetheless must have taken comfort from knowing that their king, their earthly representative, would live on for them in perpetuity.
(a) Here was a culture that would persist, just as its pharaohs would live on in their silent palaces.
(b) The Egyptian hoi polloi became immortal by proxy.
(c) King Tut — and ended the brief experiment in monotheism in favour of the older religion with its promise of an afterlife.
(d) The solemn bearing of these great structures reminds people today of the way an entire culture fashioned a collective immortality in astonishing stone.
Choice (a): Incorrect,culture is not mentioned in the paragraph, out of scope.
Choice (b): Could be correcton account of scope, workers or common people, and continuity from last statement.
Choice (c): Incorrect,on account of scale reducing from Pharoahs in general to King Tut in particular and the scope changing to religion.
Choice (d): Incorrect,scope is workers and not the structures
Q1. Teaching creationism in American public schools has been outlawed since 1987 when the Supreme Court ruled that the inclusion of religious material in science classes was unconstitutional. In recent years, however, opponents of the theory of evolution – first developed by Charles Darwin, have regrouped, challenging science education with the doctrine of “intelligent design”, which has been carefully stripped of all references to God and religion. Unlike traditional creationism, which claims that God created the earth in six days, proponents of intelligent design say the workings of this planet are too complex to be ascribed to evolution. There must have been a designer working to a plan – that is, a creator. _____________________
(a) However, these kinds of teachings are unacceptable to the American public.
(b) However, there are many schools that are in favour of teaching traditional creationism to the students.
(c) However, such beliefs are not substantial enough to convince the American courts to allow teaching the subject in its schools.
(d) However, the American government believes that the students must have the knowledge of traditional creationism, as well as, intelligent design.
(e) However, some believe that parents should decide what subjects should be taught to their children
Choice (a): Incorrect,change of scope, the paragraph does not discuss the views of the American public.
Choice (b): Incorrect,change of scope, the paragraph does not discuss the views of the schools.
Choice (c): Could be correct, scope is view of American courts, and the tone is the same as the view is the same in another similar situation.
Choice (d): Incorrect,change of scope from view of American Courts to views of the American Government.
Choice (e): Incorrect,change of scope from view of American Courts to views of the parents.
Correct answer: Choice (c)
Q2. The Ninth Schedule was created by Jawaharlal Nehru's government as a vessel to protect agrarian reform legislation. Nehru's vessel became a constitutional dustbin for Indira Gandhi's and later governments to provide immunity for any kind of legislation relating to elections, mines and minerals, industrial regulation, requisition of property, monopolies, coal or copper nationalisation, general insurance, sick industries, acquiring the Alcock Ashdown company, Kerala Chitties Act, Tamil Nadu reservations of 69 per cent and so on. _____________________
(a) This misuse is only characteristic of the political situation in India.
(b) Protection has become a veil for rampant corruption.
(c) No principle underlies this selection.
(d) Theoretically, all state and Union legislations lack substance.
(e) The dustbin was of limitless capacity.
Choice (a): Incorrect,scale (or scope) has changed from Indira Gandhi's and later Governments to entire political class.
Choice (b): Incorrect,change of scope, corruption has not been discussed in the paragraph and hence out of syllabus
Choice (c): Could be correct,it has a tone of disapproval like the paragraph and it talks about all kind of legislation (no principle) but introduces a new concept – principle and hence the scope is possibly different.
Choice (d): Incorrect,scale has changed to encompass all legislations and scope has changed by including both state and the Union.
Choice (e): Correcton account of tone (disapproving) and continuity (dustbin) and does not have a problem of either scale or scope.
Correct answer: Choice (e)
Q3.The digital-storytelling movement started in the early 1990s with performance artists such as San Francisco-based Atchley. But the technique is just beginning to take hold in the world of e-business. At last fall's national Digital Storytelling Festival in Crested Butte, Colo., nearly half of the people signed up represented corporations. “The stories that people are telling on the Web around corporate brands are astounding,” says Atchley. “Knowledge is best shared and remembered through a good story, and companies are just starting to catch on to all that this can mean.”__________________
(a) If so, digital storytelling will see that computer prices continue to plummet.
(b) If so, digital storytelling will link high-speed data lines and more people to the Web.
(c) If so, digital storytelling will help companies to know more than what they knew earlier.
(d) If so, digital storytelling will only become more popular.
(e) If so, digital storytelling will only become less popular.
Choice (a): Incorrect,change of scope – Computer prices out of syllabus.
Choice (b): Incorrect,change of scope – High speed data lines & web are not discussed in the paragraph.
Choice (c): Incorrect,change of scope – The focus of the paragraph is on digital storytelling and not on how it will help companies.
Choice (d): Correct,on account of Scope & Continuity. The focus of this choice is on digital storytelling and also takes forward the impact of interest of companies – more popularity.
Choice (e): Incorrect,change of tone – the paragraph talks only of increasing popularity while the choice is making digital storytelling less popular.
Correct answer: Choice (d)
Q4.No fewer than 70,000 workers would have been needed to lug limestone blocks from desert miles away to the building sites of the pyramids. Yet there is little evidence that the pharaohs had to coerce their subjects to leave their fields and families in order to build a monument whose completion any single worker would certainly never see. All people apparently willingly participated in the pageant of immortality-made-real. With no hope of a berth for themselves in the tomb, the workers nonetheless must have taken comfort from knowing that their king, their earthly representative, would live on for them in perpetuity.
(a) Here was a culture that would persist, just as its pharaohs would live on in their silent palaces.
(b) The Egyptian hoi polloi became immortal by proxy.
(c) King Tut — and ended the brief experiment in monotheism in favour of the older religion with its promise of an afterlife.
(d) The solemn bearing of these great structures reminds people today of the way an entire culture fashioned a collective immortality in astonishing stone.
Choice (a): Incorrect,culture is not mentioned in the paragraph, out of scope.
Choice (b): Could be correcton account of scope, workers or common people, and continuity from last statement.
Choice (c): Incorrect,on account of scale reducing from Pharoahs in general to King Tut in particular and the scope changing to religion.
Choice (d): Incorrect,scope is workers and not the structures
Great initiative @shattereddream. CAT'12 shattered my dreams too.
Lets start by practicing 3 question set on each type everyday.
@CAT-Aspirant said:Great initiative @shattereddream. CAT'12 shattered my dreams too.Lets start by practicing 3 question set on each type everyday.
yes sure will start doing like that 😃
Ok let's start with short passages.
1) Our office is in the rear of the complex, a two-suite affair with a small wooden porch outside and two steps leading up to the door. Inside, it is quite austere. There are no oil paintings, or metal sculptures. There is a small library that doubles as a conference room, an even smaller reception are and a room that we have divided into two offices.
a) So far, we have made it on word of mouth.
b) We have refrained from posting a sign out front or on the door.
c) The facade on the street is white plaster in the style of a colonial Spanish hacienda.
d)A half-mile south is the northern edge of the silver strand.
2) Wealth concentration exerts a strong influence on a market mania. As a person grows rich, he or she is less fearful of risky investments. Furthermore, to a millionaire, small returns offer littler satisfaction. HE or she seeks large yields which spring only from speculation.
a) Hence, speculative fevers cannot last without growing wealth concentration.
b) Speculation thus, is not necessarily a bad thing.
c) Once market fever heats up, it is fueled by cheap credit.
d) Productivity will ultimately be at the mercy of the wealth.
PS : OAs will be posted withing 24 hrs. Till then keep pouring in guys.
SET- 2
1. Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only. ____________
A. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'univocally'.
B. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'indefinitely'.
C. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'amphilogically'.
D. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'tenebrously'.
E. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'ambiguously'.
2. Call them yuppies, yippies, bobos, nobrows, or whatever; the consumers of the new luxury have a sense of entitlement that transcends social class, a conviction that the finest things are their birthright. Never mind that they may have been born into a family whose ancestral estate is a tract house in the suburbs, near the mall, not paid for, and whose family crest was downloaded from the Internet. Ditto the signet ring design. Language reflects this hijacking. Words such as gourmet, premium, boutique, chic, accessory, and classic have loosened from their elite moorings and now describe such top-of-category items as popcorn, hamburgers, discount brokers, shampoo, scarves, ice cream, and trailer parks.__________________
A. When Nouveau Riche starts buying tulips by the ton, Richie Rich is right there behind him picking them up by the pound.
B. In a sense, the filthy rich have only two genuine luxury items left: time and philanthropy.
C. “Luxury for all” is an oxymoron, all right, the aspirational goal of modern culture, and the death knell of the real thing.
D.Who knows, maybe poverty will become the new luxury, as the philosophies predicted.
E. These new customers for luxury are younger than clients of the old luxe used to be, there are far more of them now.
3. Deja vu is a strong sense of global familiarity that occurs in a seemingly novel situation. The familiarity experienced in Deja vu.
is global in that it seems as if the entire event—every detail—has happened before, despite the knowledge that the event is unique. The experience is frequently disconcerting and is often accompanied by a sense of unreality. Most people experience Deja vu.
at some point in their lives—surveys indicate that a majority of respondents have experienced at least one episode of Deja vu.
. We don't yet have a definitive account of the mechanisms that produce Deja vu. but a number of theoretical approaches have been advanced. _______________________________
A.Most people think about Deja vu. as a way of creating cool 3D images and as an excuse to play with laser beams.
B.Sigmund Freud, the developer of psychoanalysis, proposed that Deja vu.
happens when a person is spontaneously reminded of an unconscious fantasy.
C.As it is unconscious, the content of the fantasy is blocked from awareness, but the sense of familiarity leaks through and results in the Deja vu. experience.
D.Herman Sno, has proposed that memories are stored in a format that is similar to that used to store holographic images.
E.The Oxford English Dictionary is not clear on the definition of Deja vu.
1. Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only. ____________
A. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'univocally'.
B. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'indefinitely'.
C. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'amphilogically'.
D. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'tenebrously'.
E. On the other hand, things that have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common are named 'ambiguously'.
2. Call them yuppies, yippies, bobos, nobrows, or whatever; the consumers of the new luxury have a sense of entitlement that transcends social class, a conviction that the finest things are their birthright. Never mind that they may have been born into a family whose ancestral estate is a tract house in the suburbs, near the mall, not paid for, and whose family crest was downloaded from the Internet. Ditto the signet ring design. Language reflects this hijacking. Words such as gourmet, premium, boutique, chic, accessory, and classic have loosened from their elite moorings and now describe such top-of-category items as popcorn, hamburgers, discount brokers, shampoo, scarves, ice cream, and trailer parks.__________________
A. When Nouveau Riche starts buying tulips by the ton, Richie Rich is right there behind him picking them up by the pound.
B. In a sense, the filthy rich have only two genuine luxury items left: time and philanthropy.
C. “Luxury for all” is an oxymoron, all right, the aspirational goal of modern culture, and the death knell of the real thing.
D.Who knows, maybe poverty will become the new luxury, as the philosophies predicted.
E. These new customers for luxury are younger than clients of the old luxe used to be, there are far more of them now.
3. Deja vu is a strong sense of global familiarity that occurs in a seemingly novel situation. The familiarity experienced in Deja vu.
is global in that it seems as if the entire event—every detail—has happened before, despite the knowledge that the event is unique. The experience is frequently disconcerting and is often accompanied by a sense of unreality. Most people experience Deja vu.
at some point in their lives—surveys indicate that a majority of respondents have experienced at least one episode of Deja vu.
. We don't yet have a definitive account of the mechanisms that produce Deja vu. but a number of theoretical approaches have been advanced. _______________________________
A.Most people think about Deja vu. as a way of creating cool 3D images and as an excuse to play with laser beams.
B.Sigmund Freud, the developer of psychoanalysis, proposed that Deja vu.
happens when a person is spontaneously reminded of an unconscious fantasy.
C.As it is unconscious, the content of the fantasy is blocked from awareness, but the sense of familiarity leaks through and results in the Deja vu. experience.
D.Herman Sno, has proposed that memories are stored in a format that is similar to that used to store holographic images.
E.The Oxford English Dictionary is not clear on the definition of Deja vu.
I will request everyone kindly give SET No. to your questions it will be easy for everyone to answer by just mentioning the Set No.
Set 1 OAs.
1) b
2) a
Set 2. my take
1) C
2) A
3) B
set 2.quite tough.my take
1)A
2)E
3)E
Set 2 - OA
1. A (The opposite of equivocal is €˜univocal €™ - that means having only one meaning; unambiguous, taking a cue from this, option (a) is quite easily the correct answer and the logical extension to the paragraph. )
2. C (The passage talks of this latest rage which has overtaken the youth. Option (c) captures the essence of the paragraph. The luxury mania that has gripped the youth of today may predictably spell the end of the old and traditional things of the morrow gone by. )
3. B (As the passage is discussing a number of theoretical approaches, option (b) is the most logical as it is the only one that is discussing the theory of deja vu.)
SET 3
1. Assertive Discipline teaches students to accept the consequences of their actions. The reinforcement of appropriate behavior and responsibility is exactly what Assertive Discipline is all about, according to Canter. Practitioners of Assertive Discipline are taught that they must learn to be assertive in taking control of the class. A system of rewards and punishments is devised by the teacher to let students know when they have acted correctly or incorrectly. _______________________
a. Scholars express concern about teachers who “spend too much time punishing children. . . .
This is the key to Assertive Discipline, positives and lots of praise”.
b. Assertive Discipline is generally considered easy to learn. “Assertive Discipline provides an
attractive, packaged, simple-to-understand, easy-to-implement alternative”.
c. Assertive Discipline seems to be the easiest discipline system to implement.
d. Increasingly unpleasant penalties are incurred by students who continue to make improper
choices.
e. Assertive Discipline can have a negative impact on students as it teaches them to be bold.
2. Many books, articles, and papers have been published relative to the relationship between an athlete's mental state and his or her performance. A point of consensus clearly stated in these sources is that athletic performance efficiency is reduced by distraction. It is believed that distractions interfere with an athlete's ability to focus. Distractions evoke negative mood responses, detrimental arousal and anxiety levels, and stress, thus resulting in the consumption of mental energy. Mental energy is a vital element needed to be able to concentrate one's attention and maintain a positive mental attitude. __________
a. Distractions may arise from various sources including: the presence of loved ones you want
to impress.
b. The purpose of this theory is to initiate an examination of the influence of the media as a
distraction and its impact on athletic performance.
c. For the purposes of this theory it is important to have a common definition and
understanding of media, arousal, stress, anxiety, and mood.
d. By concentrating effectively, an athlete can conserve physical energy by maintaining good
technique and focus.
e. Distractions may arise due to a lot of factors present in a sporting environment.
3. In terms of productivity, employees fall somewhere on a bell-shaped curve. At the bottom of the curve are the loafers and goof-offs. In the middle is the silent majority that does just enough to get by. At the top are the relative few who are motivated to achieve. When you understand the dynamics of any such group, you understand that a modest amount of hard work will put you beyond both the terminally slothful and the lump-along middle crowd. Just by being modestly ambitious, you will rise to the top third of almost any organization. __________________
a. But getting up the last few rungs of that ladder will be tough, because the few you are
competing against are competing hard.
b. Chances are, they are as smart and talented as you, with the same (or more) basic
resources.
c. They may even have better contacts, but there is one thing they don't have more of, and
that is time.
d. If you can use your time more effectively than they use theirs, you will move ahead of them.
e. Employees are not happy being measured by a bell curve.
1. Assertive Discipline teaches students to accept the consequences of their actions. The reinforcement of appropriate behavior and responsibility is exactly what Assertive Discipline is all about, according to Canter. Practitioners of Assertive Discipline are taught that they must learn to be assertive in taking control of the class. A system of rewards and punishments is devised by the teacher to let students know when they have acted correctly or incorrectly. _______________________
a. Scholars express concern about teachers who “spend too much time punishing children. . . .
This is the key to Assertive Discipline, positives and lots of praise”.
b. Assertive Discipline is generally considered easy to learn. “Assertive Discipline provides an
attractive, packaged, simple-to-understand, easy-to-implement alternative”.
c. Assertive Discipline seems to be the easiest discipline system to implement.
d. Increasingly unpleasant penalties are incurred by students who continue to make improper
choices.
e. Assertive Discipline can have a negative impact on students as it teaches them to be bold.
2. Many books, articles, and papers have been published relative to the relationship between an athlete's mental state and his or her performance. A point of consensus clearly stated in these sources is that athletic performance efficiency is reduced by distraction. It is believed that distractions interfere with an athlete's ability to focus. Distractions evoke negative mood responses, detrimental arousal and anxiety levels, and stress, thus resulting in the consumption of mental energy. Mental energy is a vital element needed to be able to concentrate one's attention and maintain a positive mental attitude. __________
a. Distractions may arise from various sources including: the presence of loved ones you want
to impress.
b. The purpose of this theory is to initiate an examination of the influence of the media as a
distraction and its impact on athletic performance.
c. For the purposes of this theory it is important to have a common definition and
understanding of media, arousal, stress, anxiety, and mood.
d. By concentrating effectively, an athlete can conserve physical energy by maintaining good
technique and focus.
e. Distractions may arise due to a lot of factors present in a sporting environment.
3. In terms of productivity, employees fall somewhere on a bell-shaped curve. At the bottom of the curve are the loafers and goof-offs. In the middle is the silent majority that does just enough to get by. At the top are the relative few who are motivated to achieve. When you understand the dynamics of any such group, you understand that a modest amount of hard work will put you beyond both the terminally slothful and the lump-along middle crowd. Just by being modestly ambitious, you will rise to the top third of almost any organization. __________________
a. But getting up the last few rungs of that ladder will be tough, because the few you are
competing against are competing hard.
b. Chances are, they are as smart and talented as you, with the same (or more) basic
resources.
c. They may even have better contacts, but there is one thing they don't have more of, and
that is time.
d. If you can use your time more effectively than they use theirs, you will move ahead of them.
e. Employees are not happy being measured by a bell curve.
2-d
3-a
tag me while giving oe
@shattereddream said:SET 31. Assertive Discipline teaches students to accept the consequences of their actions. The reinforcement of appropriate behavior and responsibility is exactly what
Set 2, ques 3:
option C and D too talk about approaches which have been put forward..right?
so why only option B?
SET 3
my take
d
e
a