Text 2 Malaria
What is malaria?
Malaria is caused by an infection of the red blood cells with a tiny organism or parasite called a protozoan. There are four important species of the malaria protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae) and each has a slightly different effect. These organisms are carried from person to person by the Anopheles mosquito. When it bites an infected person, the mosquito sucks up blood containing the parasite, which may then be passed on to the mosquito's next victim.
Symptoms of malaria
The main symptom of malaria is a fever that occurs in regular episodes, with sweating and shivers (known as rigors), and exhaustion (because of anaemia). In some cases, it can affect the brain or kidneys.
Who's at risk of malaria?
Malaria occurs where the Anopheles mosquito breeds, predominantly in rural tropical areas. From a UK perspective, it's a threat to people travelling to malarial regions in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and central America. Each year about 2,000 people return to the UK with malaria, and approximately 12 people a year die as a consequence of the disease. Malaria is a major killer in many countries where resources for prevention, proper diagnosis and drug treatments are lacking. If diagnosed promptly, it can be easily treated but the symptoms can be vague and UK doctors may not immediately be thinking about tropical infections. About 90 per cent of travellers who contract malaria do not become ill until after they return home. Only about 12 per cent of these will become seriously ill. On average, symptoms develop 10 days to four weeks after being bitten, but symptoms can appear up to a year later. The most severe form of the disease is cerebral malaria, which is fatal in up to six per cent of adults, mainly because it's not diagnosed until it's too late. Don't make the mistake of assuming you're safe from infection if you have previously lived in a malarial region - you may build up some immunity to the disease but this can be lost quickly. And if your children were born in the UK, they'll have no immunity at all. If you're going to visit, travel through, or even just stop over in a malarial country you'll be at risk, even if you have lived there before.
Preventing malaria
By far the most important step is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes by:
• Using effective insect repellent
• Wearing long sleeves and full-length trousers
• Staying in accommodation with screen doors and closing windows
Before you travel, check whether your holiday destination is affected by malaria. Take the recommended antimalarial drugs. Generally speaking, these are taken from one week before you travel until one month after you return, but this can vary depending on the type of drug and the country you're visiting. Even when taken exactly as advised, antimalarial drugs are not 100 per cent effective, so you should still take the other preventive measures listed above. A major problem is the steady increase in malaria's resistance to drugs used in both prevention and treatment. Always talk to your doctor if you are worried - don't just stop taking antimalarials without getting medical advice. If you develop symptoms, get help quickly - and don't forget to tell the doctor you've travelled to a malarial area. Treatment is with antimalarial medication. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the search for a malaria vaccine, and it's hoped one will be available within the next five to 10 years.
Text 2: Questions 11-20
11. What does each refer to in line 4?
A. type of malaria
B. protozoan
C. Plasmodium falciparum
D. Plasmodium vivax
12. According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A. All mosquitoes carry the malaria protozoa parasite.
B. Malaria is primarily transferred by mosquitoes.
C. Most mosquitoes die from infected blood.
D. Mosquitoes will only bite an infected person.
13. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of malaria?
A. a high temperature
B. extreme tiredness
C. trembling
D. regular episodes of brain damage
14. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Annually, 2000 people returning home to the UK die of malaria.
B. Every year, 12% of people in the UK die of malaria.
C. Every year, approximately 12 people die from being bitten in the UK by a mosquito.
D. Less than 1% of people returning to the UK with malaria die from this disease.
15. What can we infer from the following statement about malaria?
“If diagnosed promptly, it can be easily treated but the symptoms can be vague and UK doctors may not immediately be thinking about tropical infections.” (lines 18 – 20)
Doctors in the UK
A. do not know about tropical infections such as malaria.
B. do not know about the symptoms of malaria.
C. may not immediately indentify this disease.
D. do not identify illness promptly.
16. According to the text, which one of the following people will have most likely developed complete immunity to malaria?
A. A person who was born in the UK.
B. A person who spends long periods of time in malarial countries.
C. A person who frequently travels from the UK to malarial regions.
D. None of the people mentioned above.
17. If a traveller spent three weeks in a malarial country, for how long would he have to take antimalarial drugs?
A. Three weeks
B. Four weeks
C. One week
D. Eight weeks
18. What is the problem with drugs used to treat and prevent malaria?
A. Mosquitoes are becoming resistant to these drugs.
B. The malaria protozoa are becoming resistant to these drugs.
C. People are steadily becoming more resistant to malaria and no longer need these drugs.
D. People stop taking these drugs without getting the proper medical advice.
19. According to the text, which one of the following statements is true about a malaria vaccine?
A. Ten years ago, scientists created a new malaria vaccine.
B. A malaria vaccine will be available in the next five to ten years.
C. A malaria vaccine may be available in the near future.
D. A malaria vaccine will be sold in the next five to ten years.
20. Who is this article probably aimed at?
A. a doctor who is studying the effects of malaria
B. a person who is from a malarial country
C. a person who is going to visit a malarial country
D. a person who would like to eradicate malaria
What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bone, decreasing its strength and resulting in fragile bones. Osteoporosis literally leads to abnormally porous bone that is compressible, like a sponge. This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone and results in frequent fractures (breaks) in the bones. Osteopenia is a condition of bone that is slightly less dense than normal bone but not to the degree of bone in osteoporosis.
What are osteoporosis symptoms and signs?
Osteoporosis can be present without any symptoms for decades because osteoporosis doesn't cause symptoms until bone fractures. Moreover, some osteoporotic fractures may escape detection for years when they do not cause symptoms. Therefore, patients may not be aware of their osteoporosis until they suffer a painful fracture. The symptom associated with osteoporotic fractures usually is pain; the location of the pain depends on the location of the fracture. The symptoms of osteoporosis in men are similar to the symptoms of osteoporosis in women.
Hip fractures typically occur as a result of a fall. With osteoporosis, hip fractures can occur as a result of trivial accidents. Hip fractures also may heal slowly or poorly after surgical repair because of poor healing of the bone.
What are the consequences of osteoporosis?
Osteoporotic bone fractures are responsible for considerable pain, decreased quality of life, lost workdays, and disability. Up to 30% of patients suffering a hip fracture will require long-term nursing-home care. Elderly patients can develop pneumonia and blood clots in the leg veins that can travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism) due to prolonged bed rest after the hip fracture. Osteoporosis has even been linked with an increased risk of death. Some 20% of women with a hip fracture will die in the subsequent year as an indirect result of the fracture. In addition, once a person has experienced a spine fracture due to osteoporosis, he or she is at very high risk of suffering another such fracture in the near future. About 20% of postmenopausal women who experience a vertebral fracture will suffer a new vertebral fracture of bone in the following year.
What is the treatment for osteoporosis, and can osteoporosis be prevented?
The goal of treatment of osteoporosis is the prevention of bone fractures by reducing bone loss or, preferably, by increasing bone density and strength. Although early detection and timely treatment of osteoporosis can substantially decrease the risk of future fractures, none of the available treatments for osteoporosis are complete cures. In other words, it is difficult to completely rebuild bone that has been weakened by osteoporosis. Therefore, prevention of osteoporosis is as important as treatment. The following are osteoporosis treatment and prevention measures:
Lifestyle changes
Exercise, quitting cigarettes, and curtailing alcohol
Exercise has a wide variety of beneficial health effects. However, exercise does not bring about substantial increases in bone density. The benefit of exercise for osteoporosis has mostly to do with decreasing the risk of falls, probably because balance is improved and/or muscle strength is increased. Research has not yet determined what type of exercise is best for osteoporosis or for how long it should be continued. Until research has answered these questions, most doctors recommend weight-bearing exercise, such as
walking, preferably daily.
Text 3: Questions 21-30
21. Osteopenia is
A. more serious than osteoporosis.
B. a similar condition to osteoporosis.
C. a condition which influences bone density.
D. a bone condition caused by frequent breaks.
22. Which statement is true of osteoporosis?
A. Osteoporosis is detected only when a bone breaks.
B. Osteoporosis can affect a person's quality of life long before a bone breaks.
C. A break causing physical discomfort usually leads to the discovery of osteoporosis.
D. Pain is the symptom connected to all osteoporotic fractures.
23. Why is osteoporosis such a worrying condition?
A. It affects most old people, both men and women.
B. It is painful for decades.
C. By the time it is detected, damage to the bones may be very serious.
D. Some fractures may take longer to heal after an accident.
24. According to the text, a pulmonary embolism
A. is the formation of blood clots in the lungs.
B. is caused by hip fractures.
C. may be caused by inactivity over a long period of time.
D. is the formation of blood clots in the legs.
25. What does such fracture in line 26 refer to?
A. an indirect fracture
B. a vertebral fracture
C. a subsequent fracture
D. a hip fracture
26. Osteoporotic treatment's preferred aim is
A. the reduction of bone loss by preventing fractures.
B. to restore bones to their previous condition.
C. to improve the density of bones and make them stronger.
D. to detect osteoporosis and treat fractures.
27. Which of the following statements is true?
A. More than a third of patients suffering from a broken hip will need long term nursing care.
B. Elderly patients can get a pulmonary embolism from travelling.
C. Hip fractures kill 20% of women within a year.
D. More postmenopausal women will not have a vertebral fracture in the next year than will.
28. Which of the following statements is true concerning exercise and osteoporosis?
A. Exercise has only indirect benefits for osteoporosis sufferers.
B. Daily weight-lifting is the recommended exercise.
C. Research indicates that the best type of exercise for osteoporosis is walking.
D. Exercise helps sufferers to give up smoking.
29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?
A. a fracture of the backbone
B. effects of osteoporosis
C. hip replacement surgery
D. risk of bone fracture
30. Which is the best definition of osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a
A. long term disease caused by porous, fragile bones. It is difficult to treat because sufferers often don't know they are ill.
B. condition which affects both men and women making them more at risk of bone fractures and accidental falls.
C. bone condition caused by long term deterioration in the bone structure which leads to an increased risk of bone fracture.
D. bone condition resulting from a long term weakening in the strength of bones and muscles.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bone, decreasing its strength and resulting in fragile bones. Osteoporosis literally leads to abnormally porous bone that is compressible, like a sponge. This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone and results in frequent fractures (breaks) in the bones. Osteopenia is a condition of bone that is slightly less dense than normal bone but not to the degree of bone in osteoporosis.
What are osteoporosis symptoms and signs?
Osteoporosis can be present without any symptoms for decades because osteoporosis doesn't cause symptoms until bone fractures. Moreover, some osteoporotic fractures may escape detection for years when they do not cause symptoms. Therefore, patients may not be aware of their osteoporosis until they suffer a painful fracture. The symptom associated with osteoporotic fractures usually is pain; the location of the pain depends on the location of the fracture. The symptoms of osteoporosis in men are similar to the symptoms of osteoporosis in women.
Hip fractures typically occur as a result of a fall. With osteoporosis, hip fractures can occur as a result of trivial accidents. Hip fractures also may heal slowly or poorly after surgical repair because of poor healing of the bone.
What are the consequences of osteoporosis?
Osteoporotic bone fractures are responsible for considerable pain, decreased quality of life, lost workdays, and disability. Up to 30% of patients suffering a hip fracture will require long-term nursing-home care. Elderly patients can develop pneumonia and blood clots in the leg veins that can travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism) due to prolonged bed rest after the hip fracture. Osteoporosis has even been linked with an increased risk of death. Some 20% of women with a hip fracture will die in the subsequent year as an indirect result of the fracture. In addition, once a person has experienced a spine fracture due to osteoporosis, he or she is at very high risk of suffering another such fracture in the near future. About 20% of postmenopausal women who experience a vertebral fracture will suffer a new vertebral fracture of bone in the following year.
What is the treatment for osteoporosis, and can osteoporosis be prevented?
The goal of treatment of osteoporosis is the prevention of bone fractures by reducing bone loss or, preferably, by increasing bone density and strength. Although early detection and timely treatment of osteoporosis can substantially decrease the risk of future fractures, none of the available treatments for osteoporosis are complete cures. In other words, it is difficult to completely rebuild bone that has been weakened by osteoporosis. Therefore, prevention of osteoporosis is as important as treatment. The following are osteoporosis treatment and prevention measures:
Lifestyle changes
Exercise, quitting cigarettes, and curtailing alcohol
Exercise has a wide variety of beneficial health effects. However, exercise does not bring about substantial increases in bone density. The benefit of exercise for osteoporosis has mostly to do with decreasing the risk of falls, probably because balance is improved and/or muscle strength is increased. Research has not yet determined what type of exercise is best for osteoporosis or for how long it should be continued. Until research has answered these questions, most doctors recommend weight-bearing exercise, such as
walking, preferably daily.
Text 3: Questions 21-30
21. Osteopenia is
A. more serious than osteoporosis.
B. a similar condition to osteoporosis.
C. a condition which influences bone density.
D. a bone condition caused by frequent breaks.
22. Which statement is true of osteoporosis?
A. Osteoporosis is detected only when a bone breaks.
B. Osteoporosis can affect a person's quality of life long before a bone breaks.
C. A break causing physical discomfort usually leads to the discovery of osteoporosis.
D. Pain is the symptom connected to all osteoporotic fractures.
23. Why is osteoporosis such a worrying condition?
A. It affects most old people, both men and women.
B. It is painful for decades.
C. By the time it is detected, damage to the bones may be very serious.
D. Some fractures may take longer to heal after an accident.
24. According to the text, a pulmonary embolism
A. is the formation of blood clots in the lungs.
B. is caused by hip fractures.
C. may be caused by inactivity over a long period of time.
D. is the formation of blood clots in the legs.
25. What does such fracture in line 26 refer to?
A. an indirect fracture
B. a vertebral fracture
C. a subsequent fracture
D. a hip fracture
26. Osteoporotic treatment's preferred aim is
A. the reduction of bone loss by preventing fractures.
B. to restore bones to their previous condition.
C. to improve the density of bones and make them stronger.
D. to detect osteoporosis and treat fractures.
27. Which of the following statements is true?
A. More than a third of patients suffering from a broken hip will need long term nursing care.
B. Elderly patients can get a pulmonary embolism from travelling.
C. Hip fractures kill 20% of women within a year.
D. More postmenopausal women will not have a vertebral fracture in the next year than will.
28. Which of the following statements is true concerning exercise and osteoporosis?
A. Exercise has only indirect benefits for osteoporosis sufferers.
B. Daily weight-lifting is the recommended exercise.
C. Research indicates that the best type of exercise for osteoporosis is walking.
D. Exercise helps sufferers to give up smoking.
29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?
A. a fracture of the backbone
B. effects of osteoporosis
C. hip replacement surgery
D. risk of bone fracture
30. Which is the best definition of osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a
A. long term disease caused by porous, fragile bones. It is difficult to treat because sufferers often don't know they are ill.
B. condition which affects both men and women making them more at risk of bone fractures and accidental falls.
C. bone condition caused by long term deterioration in the bone structure which leads to an increased risk of bone fracture.
D. bone condition resulting from a long term weakening in the strength of bones and muscles.
My Take on SET 42
26> B
27> C
28> D
29> C
30> A
This might help -
@miseera said:SET (42) PCS26. One of the more fortunate among wild creatures is the lemming, a furry animal considerably smaller than the hare. This weasel-like creature has habits that make it difficult to capture, and a beautiful pelt that is fragile and hard to match._____A)It is also a gregarious creature, living in large groups. B)For these reasons even up-market stylists have never tried to make the lemming fashionable. C)It displays what we term as 'herd behaviour' in all aspects of its life.\ D)It lives in labyrinthine burrows, often those originally excavated by hares.27. Of the several varieties of penguins, the Emperor Penguin is the most unusual. Standing four feet or more in height, weighing up to eighty pounds, these birds appear to wear black coats and yellowish waistcoats, and have orange stained beaks. They walk with pompous gravity, bow to one another, and appear to be making solemn speeches.______A)Their calls are akin to those of the other birds of the penguin family. B)The females are very protective of their young. C)Gentle though they seem, they can use their flippers for lethal strikes if threatened. D)In them, the manless Antarctic has outstanding citizens that look absurdly manlike.28. Appeals to the past are among the commonest of strategies in interpretation of the present. What animates such appeals is not only disagreement about what happened in the past and what the past was, but uncertainty about whether the past really is past, over and concluded, or whether it continues, albeit in different forms perhaps.______A)This past in fact, continues through the present to the future. B)In the event, it is probably necessary to disassociate the present from the past. C)The past requires close study if it is to be properly understood. D)This problem gives rise to all sorts of discussions, especially about present actualities and future priorities.29.Domination and inequities of power and wealth are perennial facts of human society. But in today's global setting they are also interpretable as having something to do with imperialism, its history, its new form. Today's developing nations may be politically independent but in many ways they are as dominated and dependent as they were when ruled directly by colonial powers. On the one hand, we may consider this the consequence of sell-inflicted wounds. On the other, we may blame the erstwhile colonists sweepingly for the misfortune of the present._____ A)Imperialism and colonialism have left their marks on the present in ways that are more significant than we realise. B)The truth is that neither is the case. C)What we need to do, however, is to look at these matters as a network of interdependent histories - senseless to repress, interesting to understand. D)What we need to do, however, is to recognize these as mutually exclusive aspects of development.30. The universal expositions of the nineteenth century were intended as microcosms that would summarise the entire human experience - past and present, with projections into the future. In their carefully articulated order, they also signified the dominant relation of power. Ordering and characterization ranked, rationalized, and objectified different societies._____A)The resulting hierarchies portrayed the world order as perceived by the host countries - with races, sexes, and nations occupying determined places much as do the pieces in a pyramid. B)Social and political scientists aver that such expositions were forerunners of the twentieth century's League of Nations. C)World trade developed rapidly, as a result. D)In a fashion these expositions helped build the modern day concepts of societal evolution.Happy CATing
OAs 
26.b
27.d
28.d
29.c
30.a
27.d
28.d
29.c
30.a
P.S- I don't have Explanation this time 
Happy CATing
SET (43) PCs 
31. So I threw the clothes, books, shoes, and toiletries back into the suitcase, carried it out to the driveway, and dumped the contents onto the pavement, ready to stomp on any other cockroach stowaways. But there was only the one cockroach, dead and stiff. As he lay on the pavement, I leaned closer to him. His legs were curled under his body. His head was tilted at a sad angle. Sad? Yes, sad.
a. For I was feeling empathy for a dead cockroach.
b. So where had this little vermin come from?
a. For I was feeling empathy for a dead cockroach.
b. So where had this little vermin come from?
c. For I wondered sadly about its story.
d. For who is lonelier than the cockroach without his tribe?
e. It must have felt disappointment at being killed.
d. For who is lonelier than the cockroach without his tribe?
e. It must have felt disappointment at being killed.
32 . Google has garnered a lot of attention and some success with its "20% time" idea, which enables every engineer to spend one day a week working on projects that don't fit in their job description. In my observation, just announcing that every engineer is expected to spend a certain fraction of his time on innovative ideas won't magically lead to innovation. Plus, it's very difficult to consider the 20% time model at a startup: _____.
1) most startups just don't have the luxury of 20% excess engineering capacity.
2) most startups just don't have rock-star Computer Science graduates from top universities.
3) most startups just don't have an environment that seems to bring out great ideas.
4) most startups just don't have people with interests and passions that extend well beyond work.
5) most startups just don't have the incentives for people to go above and beyond the call of duty.
1) most startups just don't have the luxury of 20% excess engineering capacity.
2) most startups just don't have rock-star Computer Science graduates from top universities.
3) most startups just don't have an environment that seems to bring out great ideas.
4) most startups just don't have people with interests and passions that extend well beyond work.
5) most startups just don't have the incentives for people to go above and beyond the call of duty.
33. Mattancherry is Indian Jewry's most famous settlement. Its pretty streets of pastel coloured houses, connected by first-floor passages and home to the last twelve saree-and-sarong-wearing, white-skinned Indian Jews are visited by thousands of tourists each year. Its synagogue, built in 1568, with a floor of blue-and-white Chinese tiles, a carpet given by Haile Selassie and the frosty Yaheh selling tickets at the door, stands as an image of religious tolerance.
(1) Mattancherry represents, therefore, the perfect picture of peaceful co-existence.
(2) India's Jews have almost never suffered discrimination, except for European colonizers and each other.
(1) Mattancherry represents, therefore, the perfect picture of peaceful co-existence.
(2) India's Jews have almost never suffered discrimination, except for European colonizers and each other.
(3) Jews in India were always tolerant.
(4) Religious tolerance has always been only a faade and nothing more.
(5) The pretty pastel streets are, thus, very popular with the tourists.
(4) Religious tolerance has always been only a faade and nothing more.
(5) The pretty pastel streets are, thus, very popular with the tourists.
34. Given the cultural and intellectual interconnections, the question of what is 'Western' and what is 'Eastern' (or' Indian) is often hard to decide, and the issue can be discussed only in more dialectical terms. The diagnosis of a thought as 'purely Western' or 'purely Indian' can be very illusory.
(1) Thoughts are not the kind of things that can be easily categorized.
(2) Thought 'occidentalism' and 'orientalism' as dichotomous concepts have found many adherents.
(3) 'East is East and West is West' has been a discredited notion for a long time now.
(4) Compartmentalizing thoughts is often desirable.
(5) The origin of a thought is not the kind of thing to which 'purity' happens easily.
(1) Thoughts are not the kind of things that can be easily categorized.
(2) Thought 'occidentalism' and 'orientalism' as dichotomous concepts have found many adherents.
(3) 'East is East and West is West' has been a discredited notion for a long time now.
(4) Compartmentalizing thoughts is often desirable.
(5) The origin of a thought is not the kind of thing to which 'purity' happens easily.
35. This film is Science Fiction with a difference. The aliens are not evil, but perhaps the humans are. Humans being evil is not an uncommon theme as there are war films which veer towards this idea. But Avatar tackles other complex issues as well. It talks of the Balance of Life. That is why this film moved me, very deeply. The movie is appropriate in these times. ___.
1) What moved me was the meaning behind the movie and the story.
2) The reality is that all living things are dependent on each other.
3) It is time that we humans thought about the Balance of Life.
4) I thought of the aliens as humans and of humans as monsters and aliens.
1) What moved me was the meaning behind the movie and the story.
2) The reality is that all living things are dependent on each other.
3) It is time that we humans thought about the Balance of Life.
4) I thought of the aliens as humans and of humans as monsters and aliens.
Happy CATing 
@Estallar12 Bhai the image you have posted is not visible after 2-3 levels. Can you send me the original ? 
@dushyantagarwal said:@Estallar12 Bhai the image you have posted is not visible after 2-3 levels. Can you send me the original ?
Umm. Wait.
Lemme readjust it and attach! :)
@Estallar12 said:Umm. Wait. Lemme readjust it and attach!
hardik bhai.. usse attachment kee tarah rakh do... link deke deisplay mat karo..
tab sahi see dwnload ho jayega.. :)
@dushyantagarwal said:@Estallar12 Bhai the image you have posted is not visible after 2-3 levels. Can you send me the original ?
@economst said:hardik bhai.. usse attachment kee tarah rakh do... link deke deisplay mat karo.. tab sahi see dwnload ho jayega..
Attachment -
@miseera said:SET (43) PCs 31. So I threw the clothes, books, shoes, and toiletries back into the suitcase, carried it out to the driveway, and dumped the contents onto the pavement,
31. D
32. 1
33. 2
34. 5
35. 3
@economst said:hardik bhai.. usse attachment kee tarah rakh do... link deke deisplay mat karo.. tab sahi see dwnload ho jayega..
yea right .. ho gya sahi pixels me download.