DECISION MAKING XAT 2012
Ethical - a person is called unethical, when he
deviates from principles. The principles and their use is
often guided by two definitions:
Morals: society's code for individual survival
Ethics: An individual's code for society survival
Naresh was a small time civil contractor in a small
city. His major clients were the residents who wanted
ad-hoc work like painting, building repairs, building
extensions to be done. His just prices had made him a
preferred contractor for most of the clients who preferred
him over other civil contractors. Always he followed the
principle that client had to be kept happy - only by doing
so it would be a win-win situation for both. However due
to the unpredictability of such orders from residents,
Naresh used to be idle for substantial part of the year. As
a consequence, he could not expand his business.
His two children were growing up and his existing
business could not support their expenses. The medical
expense of his elderly parents was another drain on his
resources. The constant rise of prices in medical care
and medicines was another issue. For Naresh, family's
concern was predominant. Naresh was, therefore, under
pressure to expand his business. He was the sole earning
member of his family, and he had to ensure their well
being. He thought that by expanding his business, not
only he would be able care for his family in a better way,
as well as offer employment to more number of masons
and labourers. That would benefit their families as well.
Naresh drew the boundary of his society to include
himself, his family members, his employees and their
family members.
For expansion, the only option in the city was to
enlist as a contractor for government work. Before
deciding, he sought advice from another contractor,
Srikumar, who had been working on government projects
for a long period of time. Srikumar followed the principle
of always helping others, because he believed that he
would be helped back in return some day. Srikumar had
just one advice "The work is given to those who will win
the bidding process and at the same time will give the
maximum bribe. Prices quoted for work have to include
bribes, else the bills will not get cleared and the
supervisors will find multiple faults with the execution of
work. This ensures survival and prosperity for
contractors".
When asked about other contractors, Srikumar
said "The government contractors are like a microsociety
in themselves, almost like a brotherhood. Within
that, they are highly competitive; however towards any
external threat they are united to ensure no harm
happens to any of their members".
After reading this passage give answer the following question.
Lankawala, another contractor, when faced with
the new supervisor's demand to reduce prices for
government work, asked him to guarantee that
no bribes would be taken, and only then prices
would be reduced. This was said in front of
everyone. At this the supervisor forced Lankawala
out of the meeting and threatened to black-list
him. Lankawala did not say anything and walked
away. Blacklisting of a contractor by one
government department implied that Lankawala
would not be able to participate in any government
departments' works.
In late evening, the city was abuzz with the news
that the supervisor's dead body was seen on the
railway tracks. In the investigations that followed,
no one who attended the meeting recounted the
happenings in the meeting to the police. Getting
involved in murder cases could lead to
unpredictable outcomes such as becoming the
potential suspect, or an accessory to the crime.
Furthermore, cases could drag on for years, and
one would have to appear in court as witnesses
in response to court's summons. This, for a
contractor, was a serious threat to his business
due to the disruptions created. However, Naresh
wanted to speak out but was pressurised by
Srikumar and other contractors not to, and as a
result he did not. Due to this, the case was closed
unresolved with no one found guilty.
In this situation, it can be concluded that: 2 Mark
A. Srikumar is immoral, but ethical, while Naresh
is not unethical.
B. Naresh is ethical and moral, while other
contractors are immoral and unethical.
C. Naresh, Srikumar and other contractors are
both immoral and unethical.
D. Other contractors are moral, and they
prevented Naresh from being immoral.
E. Other contractors are unethical, but no
conclusion can be made about Naresh.