The part after the semicolon consists of two independent clauses. The subject of the second clause is they(which refers to Italian vintners' wines). But if you omit the subject it no longer can be seperated from the earlier clause with a comma. This is why option (D) is incorrect. Also as you are joining two independent clauses with a conjuction, the verb forms should be parallel. Options (A),(B),(D) and (E) all destroy the parallel form an hence are incorrect. Option (C),as righty pointed by atrish, has an elliptical contruction and mantains the parallel form. Hence the best option is (C). Look at the sentence this way: In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they do sell(Omitted:An elliptical construction omits one or more words necessary to the grammatical completion of an expression, but the omitted words are understood from the context.)
Hope this helps.
Dude, look at the sentence here, first action causes the second action but there is no valid information that third action is caused by first or second so we cannot say, when to perform third action therefore using present/past perfect continuous with third action leads to ambiguity. On this basis A and E can be eliminated.
D can also be eliminated further on as it lacks subject "they" in last action
B and C seem to be most suitable with tense agreement now in B, last action says "they have" ----???? what, you can say SOLD, but it does not get fit with the sentence.
C has elliptical construction in last action in "and they do" in which do stands for whole phrase preceding it. Just read the sentence by using do "their wines are priced to sell and they do SELL, which seems to be logical and hence correct!!
I am just a beginner, so it would be better if some seasoned Puys will throw light in it.
Please find the explanations to the best of my understanding.... I'll start from bottom:
10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry's economic health much more robust than five years ago. "Than" clearly shows that a comparison is made. The comparison must be made between similar things(remember apples for apples). (A), (B) ,(D) all them violate the basic rule of comparison(trying to compare the construction industry's economic health with five years ago) (E) "it as" sounds awkward to me. Hence (C) is the correct option.
9. A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.
(A),(B),(C) incorrect because "numbers of women" is not correct. (E) raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase ---redundancy Hence (D) is correct.
8. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
Already explained this in the earlier post
7. A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims from a one-page writing sample that it can assess more than three hundred personality traits, including enthusiasm, imagination, and ambition.
(A),(B) change the meaning. (C) "claims the ability"----how can you claim an ability??.....moreover it is an incorrect idiom. (E) "being able to...." ----passive(GMAT hates that) Hence (D) is the correct option.
6. A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
making ingnition.....and causing flames is the correct parallel construction. (A), (B), (C) violate parallelism and hence are incorrect. (E) causing spreading of flames........passive and awkward Hence (D) is the best option.
5. A controversial figure throughout most of his public life, the Black leader Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom.
(D) and (E) change the meaning. (B) Return to African land is used instead of return to Africa.......hence incorrect (C) The reference of second which is not clear moreover (A) sounds more concise and clear. Thus (A) is the best option.
4. A common disability in test pilots is hearing impairment, a consequence of sitting too close to large jet engines for long periods of time.
(D) and (E).......damaging an hearing impairment!!!......obviously wrong (B) "consequence from" is the incorrect idiom.......the correct idiom should be "consequence of" (C) "a consequence which resulted from".........unneccesarily bulky construction.....moreover resulted is the incorrect verb form used here....i think it should be results rather than resulted. So (A) is the best option.
3. A collection of 38 poems by Phillis Wheatley, a slave, was published in the 1770's, the first book by a Black woman and it was only the second published by an American woman.
The parrallel construction: "it was" destroys the parallel contruction and hence should be omitted. (A) and (B) eliminated. among (C), (D) and (E), I relied on my ears to pick the best sentence. (C) and (D) do not follow the parallel construction... also "only" is used incorrectly.
2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
The agreement was signed in 1972 hence the verb correct verb should be reduced rather than reduces. (C) and (E) are out. As the agreement still enforces the municipalities to do X.......it should be a present tense and hence "are allowed" correct. hence option (D).
1. A "calendar stick" carved centuries ago by the Winnebago tribe may provide the first evidence that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basing them on systematic astronomical observation.
The calendar stick provides evidence about the calendar developed by the North American Indians and not about the North American Indians. Hence (B) and (D) are incorrect. "Based on" is preferrable than "basing them on"....(A) and (C) are out. Hence (E) is the best choice.
Hope this helps.
Hey Puys,
Will you give explanation for any of these?
Remember logical explanation would help all of us and also contributes to concept building with clarity.
Expecting meaningful explanation from all of you...:-o
1) According to Henry David Thoreau, the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger. (A) the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger (B) a majority is allowed to rule not because it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger (C) the reason for majority rule is not because they are more likely to be right, they are stronger (D) the majority is allowed to rule because of its strength, not because it is more likely to be right (E) the reason why the majority rules is that it is strong, not because it is likely to be right
2) No only smoking cigarettes but also cigar smoking has been banned now from many places. (A) No only smoking cigarettes but also cigar smoking has been banned now (B) Cigarette smoking and cigar smoking are both banned now (C) Not only has smoking cigarettes been banned but so has cigar smoking (D) Both smoking cigarettes and cigar smoking is now banned (E) Smoking cigarettes as well as cigars is now banned
3) 16. According to Newtonian physics, the greater the distance between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant, the less will be the gravitational force between them.
(A) the greater the distance between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant, the less will be the gravitational force between them (B) the greater the distance the less the gravitational force between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant (C) given the so-called gravitational constant, more distance between two particles will result in a lesser gravitational force between them (D) the less of a gravitational force between two objects, the more of a distance between them, given the so-called gravitational constant (E) given the so-called gravitational constant, the greater the distance between two particles, the smaller the gravitational force between them
4) Still employing the system of binomial nomenclature devised in the 18th century by Lannaeus, new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort their evolutionary relationships by an approach that analyzes the sequences of DNA.
(A) new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort (B) modern day biological taxonomists using new technology can not only classify species, but sort (C) using new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort (D) using new technology not only in classifying species, modern day biological taxonomists are enabled to also sort them for (E) when modern day biological taxonomists are enabled by new technology, not only do they classify species, they also can sort
1) According to Henry David Thoreau, the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger. (A) the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger (B) a majority is allowed to rule not because it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger (C) the reason for majority rule is not because they are more likely to be right, they are stronger (D) the majority is allowed to rule because of its strength, not because it is more likely to be right (E) the reason why the majority rules is that it is strong, not because it is likely to be right
2) No only smoking cigarettes but also cigar smoking has been banned now from many places. (A) No only smoking cigarettes but also cigar smoking has been banned now (B) Cigarette smoking and cigar smoking are both banned now (C) Not only has smoking cigarettes been banned but so has cigar smoking (D) Both smoking cigarettes and cigar smoking is now banned (E) Smoking cigarettes as well as cigars is now banned
3) 16. According to Newtonian physics, the greater the distance between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant, the less will be the gravitational force between them.
(A) the greater the distance between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant, the less will be the gravitational force between them (B) the greater the distance the less the gravitational force between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant (C) given the so-called gravitational constant, more distance between two particles will result in a lesser gravitational force between them (D) the less of a gravitational force between two objects, the more of a distance between them, given the so-called gravitational constant (E) given the so-called gravitational constant, the greater the distance between two particles, the smaller the gravitational force between them
4) Still employing the system of binomial nomenclature devised in the 18th century by Lannaeus, new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort their evolutionary relationships by an approach that analyzes the sequences of DNA.
(A) new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort (B) modern day biological taxonomists using new technology can not only classify species, but sort (C) using new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort (D) using new technology not only in classifying species, modern day biological taxonomists are enabled to also sort them for (E) when modern day biological taxonomists are enabled by new technology, not only do they classify species, they also can sort
-Vidya
My Opinion
1. E 2. E 3. E 4. No Idea...seems all are wrong as there is no "but also" along with "not only" in any of the options
1) According to Henry David Thoreau, the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger. (A) the reason a majority is allowed to rule is not that it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger (B) a majority is allowed to rule not because it is more likely to be right, but because it is stronger (C) the reason for majority rule is not because they are more likely to be right, they are stronger (D) the majority is allowed to rule because of its strength, not because it is more likely to be right (E) the reason why the majority rules is that it is strong, not because it is likely to be right ("the majority" makes more sense plus the majority rules and not "allowed to rule")
2) No only smoking cigarettes but also cigar smoking has been banned now from many places. (A) No only smoking cigarettes but also cigar smoking has been banned now (B) Cigarette smoking and cigar smoking are both banned now (C) Not only has smoking cigarettes been banned but so has cigar smoking (D) Both smoking cigarettes and cigar smoking is now banned (E) Smoking cigarettes as well as cigars is now banned
3) 16. According to Newtonian physics, the greater the distance between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant, the less will be the gravitational force between them.
(A) the greater the distance between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant, the less will be the gravitational force between them (B) the greater the distance the less the gravitational force between two particles, given the so-called gravitational constant (C) given the so-called gravitational constant, more distance between two particles will result in a lesser gravitational force between them (D) the less of a gravitational force between two objects, the more of a distance between them, given the so-called gravitational constant (E) given the so-called gravitational constant, the greater the distance between two particles, the smaller the gravitational force between them (modifier is placed at right place plus "the greater is X .. the smaller is Y" should be used]
4) Still employing the system of binomial nomenclature devised in the 18th century by Lannaeus, new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort their evolutionary relationships by an approach that analyzes the sequences of DNA. (A) new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort (B) modern day biological taxonomists using new technology can not only classify species, but sort (C) using new technology enables modern day biological taxonomists to not only classify species, but to sort (D) using new technology not only in classifying species, modern day biological taxonomists are enabled to also sort them for (E) when modern day biological taxonomists are enabled by new technology, not only do they classify species, they also can sort
(this one is tough so did some guessing. I was expecting a choice with "not only.. but also" construct. Nonetheless, after the modifier a noun is expected and because new technology employs the system A sounds right to me)
The ans are 1) B 2) B 3) B 4) B :-o But i have my doubts..
1) Not C because the ans needs to retain the allowance given to majority to rule, 'majority rule' sounds a bit different Not E because of the same reason Not D because it could be any majority, referring to it as 'the majority' is not right & use of 'strength' is awkward. I thought it would be A because in option B 'because' is repeated making it sound redundant.
2)I chose Option E because when compared to B it is more short & precise.
3) I chose option C because B has "the greater the distance the less the gravitational force " - shouldnt 'greater' be followed with 'lesser' ?? But among the five, C has "lesser" and seems right.
4)None of the sentences follow not only...but also idiom rule.
The ans are 1) B 2) B 3) B 4) B :-o But i have my doubts..
1) Not C because the ans needs to retain the allowance given to majority to rule, 'majority rule' sounds a bit different Not E because of the same reason Not D because it could be any majority, referring to it as 'the majority' is not right & use of 'strength' is awkward. I thought it would be A because in option B 'because' is repeated making it sound redundant.
2)I chose Option E because when compared to B it is more short & precise.
3) I chose option C because B has "the greater the distance the less the gravitational force " - shouldnt 'greater' be followed with 'lesser' ?? But among the five, C has "lesser" and seems right. 4)None of the sentences follow not only...but also idiom rule.
For 3 I think it is because B is the shortest. Also lesser means "inferior" it is not quite opposite of "greater"
Vidya, Can you please quote the source of the questions or official answers? My take was: B E E ?(none seemed correct)
Thanks
Hey anish & sumit..
The ans are 1) B 2) B 3) B 4) B :-o But i have my doubts..
1) Not C because the ans needs to retain the allowance given to majority to rule, 'majority rule' sounds a bit different Not E because of the same reason Not D because it could be any majority, referring to it as 'the majority' is not right & use of 'strength' is awkward. I thought it would be A because in option B 'because' is repeated making it sound redundant.
2)I chose Option E because when compared to B it is more short & precise.
3) I chose option C because B has "the greater the distance the less the gravitational force " - shouldnt 'greater' be followed with 'lesser' ?? But among the five, C has "lesser" and seems right. 4)None of the sentences follow not only...but also idiom rule.
My attempts: 1). B 2).B 3). What is wrong with E 4).B Although none of them follows the idiom "Not only....but also" it is a clear case of misplaced modifier "modern day technologist" which should follow the first phrase so A. C and D can be eliminated. E reads to be awkward as it has "when" which makes second phrase a time clause and does not make any sense
1).The strength of a carbon-chlorine bond is stronger than that of a carbon-bromine bond, which is in turn greater than a carbon-iodine bond. A).which is in turn greater than B).which is in turn stronger than C).that is in turn greater than D).that is in turn stronger than E).in turn stronger than
My take is (A)...... But "The strength of a carbon-chloride bond is stronger than ...." This sounds awkward to me as you are saying the strength of something is stronger than the strength of something else. I think when you are comparing the strengths,the adjective(comaparative) that should have been used is "greater" rather than "stronger".
What is your take??
Cheers
Guys, one from my side
1).The strength of a carbon-chlorine bond is stronger than that of a carbon-bromine bond, which is in turn greater than a carbon-iodine bond. A).which is in turn greater than B).which is in turn stronger than C).that is in turn greater than D).that is in turn stronger than E).in turn stronger than
1).The strength of a carbon-chlorine bond is stronger than that of a carbon-bromine bond, which is in turn greater than a carbon-iodine bond. A).which is in turn greater than B).which is in turn stronger than C).that is in turn greater than D).that is in turn stronger than E).in turn stronger than
IMO: B
IN the statement, strength is compared and Adj Strong is used as carbon-chlorine bond is stronger than that of a carbon-bromine bond.
a. whic is correct but adj is changed to gretaer c,d. comma can not be used before that. again greater in c. e. a relative pronoun is needed here.
Guys I opted for B, but OA is A, although it lacks parallelism related to adjective !! I think relative pronoun "which" is modifying carbon- bromine bond not strength of carbon bromide bond??? Can anyone explain this ??
@Rocky Dude I think when we are comparing the strength of the bond we dont need stronger as the adjective......instead it should be greater. Eg. Which one sounds better.... My strength is greater than yours. Or My strength is stronger than yours. We can use stronger as a comparative degree when we are comparing two things but not when the we are comparing strength of the two things. Eg. I am stronger than you. Thus if the sentence was somewhat like: The carbon-chloride bond is stronger than the carcon-bromide bond... then stronger would have been the correct adjective here.
Hope you are getting what I am trying to say. Please reply if you differ.
@atrish Which here refers to the strength of the bond and not the bond. which here is referring to the entire phrase "that(strength) of a carbon-bromine bond". Kaplan says that "that" is used in restrictive clauses. So as mentioned earlier they are essential info.. Infact they are so important that there is generally no comma...
Which is used in non-restrictive clauses that have commas and are more general..
On the GMAT, you'll almost always see "which" in one of two situations:
1) after a comma, introducing non-essential descriptive information; or
2) as part of a prepositional phrase (e.g. "in which", "of which", "to which"...).
So, if the word (i.e. that/which) appears in the main part of the sentence and isn't preceded by a preposition, "that" is pretty much always going to be the best choice.
Here which is preferable for the following reasons: 1) it is preceeded by a comma. 2) it is trying to add some extra information to "the strength of the carbon-bromide bond" and is non-essential(i.e. can be omitted) for the completion of the sentence as a whole.
Hope this helps.
Cheers
Guys I opted for B, but OA is A, although it lacks parallelism related to adjective !! I think relative pronoun "which" is modifying carbon- bromine bond not strength of carbon bromide bond??? Can anyone explain this ??
Guys I opted for B, but OA is A, although it lacks parallelism related to adjective !! I think relative pronoun "which" is modifying carbon- bromine bond not strength of carbon bromide bond??? Can anyone explain this ??
@Rocky Dude I think when we are comparing the strength of the bond we dont need stronger as the adjective......instead it should be greater. Eg. Which one sounds better.... My strength is greater than yours. Or My strength is stronger than yours. We can use stronger as a comparative degree when we are comparing two things but not when the we are comparing strength of the two things. Eg. I am stronger than you. Thus if the sentence was somewhat like: The carbon-chloride bond is stronger than the carcon-bromide bond... then stronger would have been the correct adjective here.
Hope you are getting what I am trying to say. Please reply if you differ.
Look at the statement, it says "The strength of a carbon-chlorine bond is stronger than that of a carbon-bromine bond.." why cant the same be repeated in the 2nd half of the statement? why not B? But just to avoid the repetitiveness of the word 'stronger', 'greater' can be used - which leads to A.
1).The new contract forbids a strike by the transportation union.
A).forbids a strike by the transportation union B).forbids the transportation union from striking C).forbids that there be a strike by the transportation union D).will forbid the transportation union from striking E).will forbid that the transportation union strikes
I think only A retains the logical meaning of strike B said blah blah........from striking..??? what? C is awkward D same as B,only tense change E strikes is used as intransitive verb, which does not give sense
1).The new contract forbids a strike by the transportation union.
A).forbids a strike by the transportation union B).forbids the transportation union from striking C).forbids that there be a strike by the transportation union D).will forbid the transportation union from striking E).will forbid that the transportation union strikes
OA is A
The first thing you do is glance through the answer choices - you have 2 options with "will forbid" and 2 with "forbids". Since this is a general truth about the contract and not something that needs future tense we remove D and A.
Second is to remove C as "that there will be a strike" is wordy and awkward.
Between A and B, "striking" can be used as a adjective ("his striking good looks" or "within striking distance") but not as a verb/noun by itself.
,