GMAT Sentence Correction Discussions

Another set.....

1. A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but that they will, or could, be made sufficiently safe in the future.

(A) that they will, or could,
(B) that they would, or could,
(C) they will be or could
(D) think that they will be or could
(E) think the power stations would or could

D it is,.. A B C are wrong for apparent reason.. Between D and E, E isn't correct for 2 reasons
a) it uses power station making it wordy and un necessary
2) it uses would.. neither it is conditional nor past.. would is inappropriate

In A , B nad C referent of they is not clear.
In D , "think that they will be or could"--by adding think, referent of "they" is more clear as journalists are now object of the verb "think" ,hence power stations can be clearly referred to as they .
Another set.....

2. Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he also won the loyalty of its citizens: the invading Danes were well aware of this weakness and used it to their advantage in 893.
(A) Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he
(B) The fact that King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he had
(C) Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean he
(D) The fact that King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean that he
(E) Just because King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean he


IMHO B
We are talking about two time frames over here ; the first in 866 and the second in 893 ;therefore we need past perfect tense here. Also the first part of the sentence is a fact.
Another set....

3. A year advantage in a new computer product or process being introduced can give a company a significant edge on its competitors.
a...
b. Introducing a new computer product or process by a year earlier
c. A year's advantage to introduce a new computer product or process
d. To introduce a new computer product or process by a year earlier
e. Being a year ahead in introducing a new computer product or process

I think i have seen this ques before somewhere. I was very surprised to find the OA of this ques as D .

In my opinion it should be E .
In D the usage of a year earlier is definitely wrong .
Another set.....

A , B and C4. An economic recession can result from a lowering of employment rates triggered by a drop in investment, which causes people to cut consumer spending and starts a cycle of layoffs leading back to even lower employment rates.

a lowering of employment rates triggered by a drop in investment, which causes people to cut consumer spending and start a cycle of layoffs leading back to even lower employment rates.

a lowering of employment rates triggered by dropping investment, which causes people to cut consumer spending and starts a cycle of layoffs leading back to even lower employment rates.

falling employment rates triggered by a drop in investment, which cause cutbacks in consumer spending, starting a cycle of layoffs that lead to even lower employment rates.

falling employment rates that are triggered by a drop in investment, causing people to cut consumer spending and starting a cycle of layoffs that lead back to even lower employment rates.

falling employment rates that are triggered by a drop in investment, causing cutbacks in consumer spending and starting a cycle of layoffs leading to even lower employment rates.



A, B and C are ruled out coz of incorrect usage of which .
In D , "people to cut consumer spending " is wordy and imprecise .

This leaves us with E as the answer .
KingCat,

could you plz provide all the OAs


The OA's are EAEBEB !
My Picks are

C
A
E
A & D -- BUT GO WITH A .
B
E

Please let me know the OA's ...if correct i would plug in the explanations.....


You have got the 2nd and 3rd right. Pls post ur explanations for the same.

Thanks
my picks are
e
a
b
a

Plz confirm the OAs.


OA's - DBDC.

@Vinoth, you have got 3rd and 4th right. Can you pls explain ?
Another set.....

2. Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he also won the loyalty of its citizens: the invading Danes were well aware of this weakness and used it to their advantage in 893.
(A) Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he
(B) The fact that King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he had
(C) Just because King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean he
(D) The fact that King Alfred occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean that he
(E) Just because King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886, it did not mean he


IMHO B
We are talking about two time frames over here ; the first in 866 and the second in 893 ;therefore we need past perfect tense here. Also the first part of the sentence is a fact.


I agree that we are talking about 2 points in the past and hence warrants the use of past perfect. But I couldnt understand why 2 "had" are used.
How do we know what occured first if we use 2 "had" - "had occupied" and "had also won.."

I hope that I've communicated my point effectively.
Another set.....
4. An economic recession can result from a lowering of employment rates triggered by a drop in investment, which causes people to cut consumer spending and starts a cycle of layoffs leading back to even lower employment rates.

a lowering of employment rates triggered by a drop in investment, which causes people to cut consumer spending and start a cycle of layoffs leading back to even lower employment rates.

a lowering of employment rates triggered by dropping investment, which causes people to cut consumer spending and starts a cycle of layoffs leading back to even lower employment rates.

falling employment rates triggered by a drop in investment, which cause cutbacks in consumer spending, starting a cycle of layoffs that lead to even lower employment rates.

falling employment rates that are triggered by a drop in investment, causing people to cut consumer spending and starting a cycle of layoffs that lead back to even lower employment rates.

falling employment rates that are triggered by a drop in investment, causing cutbacks in consumer spending and starting a cycle of layoffs leading to even lower employment rates.


I have seen this ques also before and the Manhattan Review says that the OA is C coz causing and starting incorrectly refer back to economic recession instead of falling economic rates . I know some of you will say that the use of which in C is ambiguous but " which cause ( n note the use of plural cause which can only refer back to falling employment rates ) makes it clear that the referent of which is the plural rates and not the singular drop in investment .

This is what Manhattan has to say .

What i would like to ask the manhattan ppl is that y cant the economic recession lead to a decrease in consumer spending and start off layoffs.
I still think that E is better than C as it doesnt hv any relative pronoun ambiguity.
Another set.....

1. A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but that they will, or could, be made sufficiently safe in the future.

(A) that they will, or could,
(B) that they would, or could,
(C) they will be or could
(D) think that they will be or could
(E) think the power stations would or could

D it is,.. A B C are wrong for apparent reason.. Between D and E. E isn't correct for 2 reasons
a) it uses power station making it wordy and un necessary
2) it uses would.. neither it is conditional nor past.. would is inappropriate

In A , B nad C referent of they is not clear.
In D , think that they will be or could--by adding think, referent of "they" is more clear as journalists are now subject of "think" verb, hence they can be clearly referred to power stations.


What is the referrent of "they" ? Cant it refer to both power stations and journalists ?

As per your explanation, if "they" refer to journos, how does the following sentence make sense:

"think that journalists will be or could be made sufficiently safe"
The power stations have to be made safer, not journos.

Doesnt E eliminate this confusion by stating "power stations" ?


What is the referrent of "they" ? Cant it refer to both power stations and journalists ?

As per your explanation, if "they" refer to journos, how does the following sentence make sense:

"think that journalists will be or could be made sufficiently safe"
The power stations have to be made safer, not journos.

Doesnt E eliminate this confusion by stating "power stations" ?


@ King Cat hv PMed u my mail Id ..do mail me those SCs doc .


You dint read my explanation properly ...read it once more

" they" in option D clearly refers to power stations as the journalists are now the object of the verb think


@ King Cat hv PMed u my mail Id ..do mail me those SCs doc .


You dint read my explanation properly ...read it once more

" they" in option D clearly refers to power stations as the journalists are now the object of the verb think


Sorry...hadnt read ur explanation completely. Got it now. Thanks.

I had sent it around 5 hours back.


I agree that we are talking about 2 points in the past and hence warrants the use of past perfect. But I couldnt understand why 2 "had" are used.
How do we know what occured first if we use 2 "had" - "had occupied" and "had also won.."

I hope that I've communicated my point effectively.



There are two parts to this ques; one before the colon and one after the colon.
The statement before the colon talks about the conditions prevalent in 866. So all the verbs in this part of the sentence should use the same verb form i.e. past perfect . The part after the colon talks about 893 . Hence all actions that happened in 866 should use the same tense .

n what so ever happened to our good old parallelism rule ..wouldnt v be flouting it if we used the simple past tense won instead of the more appropriate had won

what is the best way to start SC prep?

my picks are C & C

plz provide the OAs

OAs are D and C.

For Q2, why cant E be an option?

Puys,
Enjoy cracking these tuff ones.

I'd appreciate explanations for each one of them.

  1. Once the economic and social usefulness of the motor car was demonstrated and with its superiority to the horse being proved, much of the early hostility to it in rural regions disappeared.
(A) and with its superiority to the horse being
(B) and its superiority over the horse had been
(C) and its superiority to the horse
(D) its superiority over the horse
(E) with its superiority to the horse having been



2.One legacy of Madison Avenue's recent campaign to appeal to people fifty years old and over is the realization that as a person ages, their concerns change as well.

(A) the realization that as a person ages, their
(B) the realization that as people age, their
(C) to realize that when a person ages, his or her
(D) to realize that when people age, their

(E) realizing that as people age, their
3.One of Ronald Reagan's first acts as President was to rescind President Carter's directive that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries.

(A) that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries
(B) that any chemical be prohibited from sale to other countries that was banned on medical grounds in the United States
(C) prohibiting the sale to other countries of any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States
(D) prohibiting that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States is sold to other countries
(E) that any chemical banned in the United States on medical grounds is prohibited from being sold to other countries


4.One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership and a subsequent grain glut; by persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed, market equilibrium was restored.
(A) by persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed, market equilibrium was restored
(B) persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed restored market equilibrium
(C) by persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed, it restored market equilibrium
(D) the persuasion of people to eat what had previously been horse feed restored market equilibrium

(E) market equilibrium was restored when people were persuaded to eat former horse feed
5.Opened in 1683, the Ashmolean was the first public museum in Great Britain, while earlier the Bodleian has been the first truly public library.

(A) while earlier the Bodleian has been
(B) where the Bodleian earlier is
(C) just as earlier the Bodleian had been
(D) as the earlier Bodleian has been
(E) the Bodleian earlier being
6.Opening with tributes to jazz-age divas like Bessie Smith and closing with Koko Taylor's electrified gravel-and-thunder songs, the program will trace the blues' vigorous matriarchal line over more than 50 years.
    (A) the program will trace
    (B) the program shall trace
    (C) there will be a program tracing
    (D) it is a program that traces
    (E) it will be a program tracing


    7.Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
    (A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
    (B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton induced x-ray emission
    (C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
    (D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it,

    (E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called proton-induced x-ray emission,
    8.Originally published in 1950, Some Tame Gazelle was Barbara Pym's first novel, but it does not read like an apprentice work.

    (A) does not read like an apprentice work
    (B) seems not to read as an apprentice work
    (C) does not seem to read as an apprentice work would
    (D) does not read like an apprentice work does
    (E) reads unlike an apprentice work
    Puys,
    Enjoy cracking these tuff ones.



    My Take:
    (D) its superiority over the horse
    Others are wordy and superiority over is more appropriate.
    2.(D) to realize that when people age, their

    Legacy of A is to realize B.


    3.(E) that any chemical banned in the United States on medical grounds is prohibited from being sold to other countries



    4.(B) persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed restored market equilibrium


    5.(C) just as earlier the Bodleian had been


    6.(A) the program will trace



    7.(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
    8.(A) does not read like an apprentice work

    Please give the OA.


    Puys,
    Enjoy cracking these tuff ones.




    Tough ones indeed ! My takes....

    1. B .

    Superiority over - correct idiom. That boils to B & D.
    D reads like a run-on sentence.

    2. B.

    One legacy is....realization (noun).
    people.....their (subject-verb)

    3. C.

    directive prohibiting the sale....of ......

    4. B.

    You cannot start the second part of this sentence using "by"

    B is a clear winner over D.

    5. C

    Just as is the correct usage

    6. A.

    The modified noun should be the "program".
    A scores over B.

    7. A.

    The sentence is written correctly without any errors or ambiguity.

    8. C

    u cannot compare the reading of the book with apprentice work.
    It shud be "doesn not seem to read as an apprentice work would (read)"

    Please post the OA's.
    Puys,
    Enjoy cracking these tuff ones.


    I'd appreciate explanations for each one of them

    My picks --


    1. D
    superiority over is correct idiom.
    B - the sentence doesn't need past perfect tense.

    2. D
    to realize that...seems correct.
    "people" should be used in 2nd part of the sentence like 1st part.

    3. E
    directive that...should be used.
    A and B doesn't sound perfect.

    4. confused between B and E.

    5. C
    past perfect tense is used correctly. Just as is right usage.

    6. A
    'it' in option D and E has no antecedent.

    7. A

    8. Not sure

    What are the OAs ?

    My picks --


    1. D
    superiority over is correct idiom.
    B - the sentence doesn't need past perfect tense.

    2. D
    to realize that...seems correct.
    "people" should be used in 2nd part of the sentence like 1st part.

    3. E
    directive that...should be used.
    A and B doesn't sound perfect.

    4. confused between B and E.

    5. C
    past perfect tense is used correctly. Just as is right usage.

    6. A
    'it' in option D and E has no antecedent.

    7. A

    8. Not sure

    What are the OAs ?

    Thanks for all your response.
    the OAs are CBCBCAAA in that order.

    for Q3,I went by the idiom 'prohibit from' and chose A.why is A wrong?
    for Q6,why is option B,'shall' wrong?
    for Q7.why cant option C be right?