request not to post the answer with question.
thanks
yeah i know ,i said my take is D ....(nt the OA)
dunno the ans ........
yeah i know ,i said my take is D ....(nt the OA)
dunno the ans ........
1. Advertisement: Today's clients expect top quality. Every improvement in the standards of service raises client
expectations. The company that is complacent and satisfied with the current quality of its products will soon find
that its clients are not. At Service Enterprises, meeting or exceeding client expectations is our goal.
Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements in the advertisement above?
A. Service Enterprises' competitors will succeed in attracting customers only if those competitors adopt Service
Enterprises' goal as their own.
B. A company that does not correctly anticipate the expectations of its customers is certain to fail in advancing
the quality of its products.
C. Service Enterprises goal is possible to meet only if continuing advances in product quality are possible.
D. If a company becomes satisfied with the quality of its products, then the quality of its products is sure to
decline.
E. Service Enterprises' customers are currently satisfied with the quality of its products
2. Some philosophers of science claim that no serious scientific theory can be tested experimentally without taking
for granted some other body of scientific beliefs, for we cannot interpret any experimental results without relying
on such beliefs.
If this is true, then which of the following conclusions seems most likely?
A. Any particular scientific theory can be consistently retained, even in the face of apparently incompatible
evidence, if we are willing to give up certain other scientific beliefs.
B. Experimental evidence is really irrelevant to scientific theorizing.
C. Experimental evidence is more relevant to the testing of scientific theories than to their initial formulation.
D. Experimental evidence is more relevant to the initial formulation of scientific theories than to their testing.
E. The best scientific theories are those which are formulated in such a way as to be subject to conclusive
experimental refutation.
Please post explanations as well ..thanks
Last year in the united states, women who ran for state and national offices were about as likely to win as men. However, only about fifteen percent of the candidates for these offices were women. Therefore, the reason there are so few women who win elections for these offices is not that women have difficulty winning elections but that so few women want to run.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion given?
(a) last year the proportion of women incumbents who won reelection was smaller than the proportion of men incumbents who won reelection.
(b) few women who run for state and national offices run against other women.
(c) most women who have no strong desire to be politicians never run for state and national offices.
(d) the proportion of people holding local offices who are women is smaller than the proportion of people holding state and national offices who are women.
(e) many more women than men who want to run for state and national offices do not because they cannot get adequate funding for their campaigns.
I think it is B.
Sorry for posting late, OAs are in Bold
1. Because a large disparity in pay between the public and private sectors has developed in recent years, many experienced and extremely capable government administrators have quit their posts and taken positions in private-sector management. Government will be able to recapture these capable administrators by raising salaries to a level comparable to those of the private sector. In that way, the functioning of public agencies will be improved.
The position taken above presupposes which one of the following?
(D) People who moved from jobs in government administration to private-sector management would choose to change careers again.
2. A distemper virus has caused two-thirds of the seal population in the North Sea to die since May 1988. The explanation for the deaths cannot rest here, however. There must be a reason the normally latent virus could prevail so suddenly: clearly the severe pollution of the North Sea waters must have weakened the immune system of the seals so that they could no longer withstand the virus.
The argument concerning the immune system of the seals presupposes which one of the following?
(C) There was no sudden mutation in the distemper virus which would have allowed the virus successfully to attack healthy North Sea seals by May 1988.
3. Millions of irreplaceable exhibits in natural history museums are currently allowed to decay. Yet without analyses of eggs from museums, the studies linking pesticides with the decline of birds of prey would have been impossible. Therefore, funds must be raised to preserve at least those exhibits that will be most valuable to science in the future.
The argument presupposes that
(D) it can be known at this time what data will be of most use to scientific investigators in the future
4. Compared to nonprofit hospitals of the same size, investor-owned hospitals require less public investment in the form of tax breaks, use fewer employees, and have higher occupancy levels. It can therefore be concluded that investor-owned hospitals are a better way of delivering medical care than are nonprofit hospitals.
Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion drawn above?
(B) Patients in nonprofit hospitals recover more quickly than don patients with comparable illnesses in investor-owned hospitals.
5&6
Two paleontologists, Dr Tyson and Dr. Rees, disagree over the interpretation of certain footprints that were left among other footprints in hardened volcanic ash at site G. Dr. Tyson claims they are clearly early hominid footprints since they show human characteristics: a squarish heel and a big toe immediately adjacent to the next toe. However, since the footprints indicate that if hominids made those prints they would have had to walk in an unexpected cross-stepping manner, by placing the left foot to the right of the right foot. Dr. Rees rejects Dr. Tysons conclusion.
5. The disagreement between the two paleontologists is over which one of the following?
(A) the relative significance of various aspects of the evidence
6. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines Dr. Tysons conclusion?
(B) Certain species of bears had feet very like human feet, except that the outside toe on each foot was the biggest toe and the innermost toe was the smallest toe.
1. Because a large disparity in pay between the public and private sectors has developed in recent years, many experienced and extremely capable government administrators have quit their posts and taken positions in private-sector management. Government will be able to recapture these capable administrators by raising salaries to a level comparable to those of the private sector. In that way, the functioning of public agencies will be improved.
The position taken above presupposes which one of the following?
(D) People who moved from jobs in government administration to private-sector management would choose to change careers again.
2. A distemper virus has caused two-thirds of the seal population in the North Sea to die since May 1988. The explanation for the deaths cannot rest here, however. There must be a reason the normally latent virus could prevail so suddenly: clearly the severe pollution of the North Sea waters must have weakened the immune system of the seals so that they could no longer withstand the virus.
The argument concerning the immune system of the seals presupposes which one of the following?
(C) There was no sudden mutation in the distemper virus which would have allowed the virus successfully to attack healthy North Sea seals by May 1988.
3. Millions of irreplaceable exhibits in natural history museums are currently allowed to decay. Yet without analyses of eggs from museums, the studies linking pesticides with the decline of birds of prey would have been impossible. Therefore, funds must be raised to preserve at least those exhibits that will be most valuable to science in the future.
The argument presupposes that
(D) it can be known at this time what data will be of most use to scientific investigators in the future
4. Compared to nonprofit hospitals of the same size, investor-owned hospitals require less public investment in the form of tax breaks, use fewer employees, and have higher occupancy levels. It can therefore be concluded that investor-owned hospitals are a better way of delivering medical care than are nonprofit hospitals.
Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion drawn above?
(B) Patients in nonprofit hospitals recover more quickly than don patients with comparable illnesses in investor-owned hospitals.
5&6
Two paleontologists, Dr Tyson and Dr. Rees, disagree over the interpretation of certain footprints that were left among other footprints in hardened volcanic ash at site G. Dr. Tyson claims they are clearly early hominid footprints since they show human characteristics: a squarish heel and a big toe immediately adjacent to the next toe. However, since the footprints indicate that if hominids made those prints they would have had to walk in an unexpected cross-stepping manner, by placing the left foot to the right of the right foot. Dr. Rees rejects Dr. Tysons conclusion.
5. The disagreement between the two paleontologists is over which one of the following?
(A) the relative significance of various aspects of the evidence
6. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines Dr. Tysons conclusion?
(B) Certain species of bears had feet very like human feet, except that the outside toe on each foot was the biggest toe and the innermost toe was the smallest toe.
its c...
As B doesnt only depend on A to occur..
its kind of p->q then notq->notp
IMO c
Whats the OA?
The United States government uses only a households cash income before taxes to determine whether that household falls below the poverty line in a given year; capital gains, non-cash government benefits, and tax credits are not included. However, yearly cash income is not a fool-proof measure of a given households disposable income. For example, retirees who live off of capital gains from an extensive portfolio could earn hundreds of thousands of dollars, yet be classified by the government as living in poverty because this income is not included in the calculation.
Which of the following, if true, validates the contention that the governments calculation methods must be altered in order to provide statistics that measure true poverty?
A For more than 99% of those classified as living in poverty, yearly cash income comprises the vast majority of each households disposable income.
B. While the governments calculation method indicated a 12.5% poverty rate in 2003, the same calculation method indicated anywhere from a 9% to a 16% poverty rate during the preceding decade.
C. Most established research studies conducted by the private sector indicate that the number of people truly living in poverty in the U.S. is less than that indicated by the governments calculation method.
D. Several prominent economists endorse an alternate calculation method which incorporates all income, not just cash income, and adjusts for taxes paid and other core expenses.
E The governments calculation method also erroneously counts those who do not earn income in a given year but who have substantial assets on which to live during that year.
My Take in Bold.
It is difficult to find the precise causes of any disease resulting from B-vitamin deficiencies. For example, it was known that being deficient in all the B-vitamins was sufficient to contract the disease beriberi, and also that beriberi was always accompanied by a deficiency of vitamin B1. However, recent human volunteers on special diets deisgned to lack vitamin B1 did not contract the disease.
Which of the following if true best explains the results above?
A. Individuals whose diets lack vitamin B1 will contract beriberi only if they have a generally unhealthy diet.
B. A deficiency on vitamin B1 is not ncessary to contract beriberi.
C. Beriberi can be cured by any variety of B-vitamin supplements.
D. Beriberi is caused by deficiencies in a combination of B-vitamins.
E. Deficiencies in the B-vitamins have widely varying effects on different individuals, so that specific diseases cannot be adequately identified.
My Take In Bold.
It is difficult to find the precise causes of any disease resulting from B-vitamin deficiencies. For example, it was known that being deficient in all the B-vitamins was sufficient to contract the disease beriberi, and also that beriberi was always accompanied by a deficiency of vitamin B1. However, recent human volunteers on special diets deisgned to lack vitamin B1 did not contract the disease.
Which of the following if true best explains the results above?
A. Individuals whose diets lack vitamin B1 will contract beriberi only if they have a generally unhealthy diet.
B. A deficiency on vitamin B1 is not ncessary to contract beriberi.
C. Beriberi can be cured by any variety of B-vitamin supplements.
D. Beriberi is caused by deficiencies in a combination of B-vitamins.
E. Deficiencies in the B-vitamins have widely varying effects on different individuals, so that specific diseases cannot be adequately identified.
I will go with D
One of Hoyle's arguments can be summarized as follows: on Earth, all the natural occurrences of methane that we know of are associated with 'methanogens' (methane-producing bacteria). In addition, there is evidence that methane is also present in some inter-planetary material in comets. Therefore, it is likely that methanogens are present in these materials as well.
Which of the following is true of this argument?
A. It would be strengthened by the discovery of other compounds which occur both on earth and in comets, and whose terrestrial occurrence is strongly correlated with bacterial action.
B. Since this argument does not appeal to analogies between terrestrial and extra-terrestrial phenomena, it does not need any explanation of how methanogens synthesize methane.
C. This argument has no evidential force with respect to the extra-terrestrial existence of bacteria unless it can be supplemented with an explanation of the process by which terrestrial bacteria synthesize methane.
D. The plausibility of Hoyle's conclusion would be seriously weakened if the existence of methanogenic bacteria were revealed to exist on other planets in our solar system through on-site explorations.
E. It would be strengthened if it were discovered that methane is generated in Antarctica without bacterial action at low temperatures, which approximate those of comets far out in the solar system.
My Take In Bold.
It is more desirable to have some form of socialized medicine than a system of medical care relying on the private sector. Socialized medicine is more broadly accessible than is private-sector system. In addition, since countries with socialized medicine have a lower infant mortality rate than do countries with a system relying entirely on the private sector, socialized medicine seems to be technologically superior.
Which one of the following best indicates a flaw in the argument about the technological superiority of socialized medicine?
(B) There is no necessary connection between the economic system of socialism and Technological achievement.
It is more desirable to have some form of socialized medicine than a system of medical care relying on the private sector. Socialized medicine is more broadly accessible than is private-sector system. In addition, since countries with socialized medicine have a lower infant mortality rate than do countries with a system relying entirely on the private sector, socialized medicine seems to be technologically superior.
Which one of the following best indicates a flaw in the argument about the technological superiority of socialized medicine?
(A) The lower infant mortality rate might be due to the systems allowing greater access to Medical care
(B) There is no necessary connection between the economic system of socialism and Technological achievement.
(C) Infant mortality is a reliable indicator of the quality of medical care for children.
(D) No list is presented of the countries whose infant mortality statistics are summarized under the two categories, "socialized" and "private-sector".
(E) The argument presupposes the desirability of socialized medicine, which is what the Argument seeks to-establish.
My take In Bold.
It is difficult to find the precise causes of any disease resulting from B-vitamin deficiencies. For example, it was known that being deficient in all the B-vitamins was sufficient to contract the disease beriberi, and also that beriberi was always accompanied by a deficiency of vitamin B1. However, recent human volunteers on special diets deisgned to lack vitamin B1 did not contract the disease.
Which of the following if true best explains the results above?
D. Beriberi is caused by deficiencies in a combination of B-vitamins.
OA is in bold!!
I thought B...can somebody please explain why B is wrong?
One of Hoyle's arguments can be summarized as follows: on Earth, all the natural occurrences of methane that we know of are associated with 'methanogens' (methane-producing bacteria). In addition, there is evidence that methane is also present in some inter-planetary material in comets. Therefore, it is likely that methanogens are present in these materials as well.
Which of the following is true of this argument?
C. This argument has no evidential force with respect to the extra-terrestrial existence of bacteria unless it can be supplemented with an explanation of the process by which terrestrial bacteria synthesize methane.
OA is in bold!
Hi..i doubt the OA is C...the production of methane is given as a fact to us and we need to check the likelihood of such an event in space...the process of production of methane by the bacteria will effect both earth and the space equally and will not help in differentiating bet the two(required in order to weaken the argument)
A on the other hand points out that if similar case is found in space then it will increase the likelihood of the presence of bacteria(methagems) in space..and thus will strengthen the argument...
Plus a couple of other forums actually indicate A as the answer
can you please check the original source...
Cheers,
GP
It is more desirable to have some form of socialized medicine than a system of medical care relying on the private sector. Socialized medicine is more broadly accessible than is private-sector system. In addition, since countries with socialized medicine have a lower infant mortality rate than do countries with a system relying entirely on the private sector, socialized medicine seems to be technologically superior.
Which one of the following best indicates a flaw in the argument about the technological superiority of socialized medicine?
(A) The lower infant mortality rate might be due to the systems allowing greater access to Medical care
(B) There is no necessary connection between the economic system of socialism and Technological achievement.
(C) Infant mortality is a reliable indicator of the quality of medical care for children.
(D) No list is presented of the countries whose infant mortality statistics are summarized under the two categories, "socialized" and "private-sector".
(E) The argument presupposes the desirability of socialized medicine, which is what the Argument seeks to-establish.
is the answer A?
A few more questions :
1.
Some argue that laws are instituted at least in part to
help establish a particular moral fabric in society. But
the primary function of law is surely to help order
society so that its institutions, organizations, and
citizenry can work together harmoniously, regardless
of any further moral aims of the law. Indeed, the
highest courts have on occasion treated moral beliefs
based on conscience or religious faith as grounds for
making exceptions in the application of laws.
The statements above, if true, most strongly support
which one of the following?
(A) The manner in which laws are applied
sometimes takes into account the beliefs of
the people governed by those laws.
(B) The law has as one of its functions the ordering
of society but is devoid of moral aims.
(C) Actions based on religious belief or on moral
conviction tend to receive the protection of
the highest courts.
(D) The way a society is ordered by law should not
reflect any moral convictions about the way
society ought to be ordered.
(E) The best way to promote cooperation among a
societys institutions, organizations, and
citizenry is to institute order in that society
by means of law.
2.
Newtonian physics dominated science for over two
centuries. It found consistently successful
application, becoming one of the most highly
substantiated and accepted theories in the history of
science. Nevertheless, Einsteins theories came to
show the fundamental limits of Newtonian physics
and to surpass the Newtonian view in the early
1900s, giving rise once again to a physics
that has so far enjoyed wide success.
Which one of the following logically follows from
the statements above?
(A) The history of physics is characterized by a
pattern of one successful theory subsequently
surpassed by another.
(B) Long-standing success or substantiation of a
theory of physics is no guarantee that the
theory will continue to be dominant
indefinitely.
(C) Every theory of physics, no matter how
successful, is eventually surpassed by one
that is more successful.
(D) Once a theory of physics is accepted, it will
remain dominant for centuries.
(E) If a long-accepted theory of physics is
surpassed, it must be surpassed by a theory
that is equally successful.
Must Be True Question Problem Set
Each of the following questions is drawn from an actual LSAT. Please complete each problem and then
review the answer key and explanations.
3.
The solidity of bridge piers built on pilings depends
largely on how deep the pilings are driven. Prior to
1700, pilings were driven to refusal, that is, to the
point at which they refused to go any deeper. In a
1588 inquiry into the solidity of piers for Venices
Rialto Bridge, it was determined that the bridges
builder, Antonio Da Ponte, had met the contemporary
standard for refusal: he had caused the pilings to be
driven until additional penetration into the ground
was no greater than two inches after twenty-four
hammer blows.
Which one of the following can properly be inferred
from the passage?
(A) The Rialto Bridge was built on unsafe pilings.
(B) The standard of refusal was not sufficient to
ensure the safety of a bridge.
(C) Da Pontes standard of refusal was less strict
than that of other bridge builders of his day.
(D) After 1588, no bridges were built on pilings
that were driven to the point of refusal.
(E) It is possible that the pilings of the Rialto
Bridge could have been driven deeper even
after the standard of refusal had been met.
ATB,
GP
My Takes in BOLD
A few more questions :
1.
Some argue that laws are instituted at least in part to
help establish a particular moral fabric in society. But
the primary function of law is surely to help order
society so that its institutions, organizations, and
citizenry can work together harmoniously, regardless
of any further moral aims of the law. Indeed, the
highest courts have on occasion treated moral beliefs
based on conscience or religious faith as grounds for
making exceptions in the application of laws.
The statements above, if true, most strongly support
which one of the following?
(A) The manner in which laws are applied
sometimes takes into account the beliefs of
the people governed by those laws.
(B) The law has as one of its functions the ordering
of society but is devoid of moral aims.
(C) Actions based on religious belief or on moral
conviction tend to receive the protection of
the highest courts.
(D) The way a society is ordered by law should not
reflect any moral convictions about the way
society ought to be ordered.
(E) The best way to promote cooperation among a
societys institutions, organizations, and
citizenry is to institute order in that society
by means of law.
2.
Newtonian physics dominated science for over two
centuries. It found consistently successful
application, becoming one of the most highly
substantiated and accepted theories in the history of
science. Nevertheless, Einsteins theories came to
show the fundamental limits of Newtonian physics
and to surpass the Newtonian view in the early
1900s, giving rise once again to a physics
that has so far enjoyed wide success.
Which one of the following logically follows from
the statements above?
(A) The history of physics is characterized by a
pattern of one successful theory subsequently
surpassed by another.
(B) Long-standing success or substantiation of a
theory of physics is no guarantee that the
theory will continue to be dominant
indefinitely.
(C) Every theory of physics, no matter how
successful, is eventually surpassed by one
that is more successful.
(D) Once a theory of physics is accepted, it will
remain dominant for centuries.
(E) If a long-accepted theory of physics is
surpassed, it must be surpassed by a theory
that is equally successful.
Must Be True Question Problem Set
Each of the following questions is drawn from an actual LSAT. Please complete each problem and then
review the answer key and explanations.
3.
The solidity of bridge piers built on pilings depends
largely on how deep the pilings are driven. Prior to
1700, pilings were driven to refusal, that is, to the
point at which they refused to go any deeper. In a
1588 inquiry into the solidity of piers for Venices
Rialto Bridge, it was determined that the bridges
builder, Antonio Da Ponte, had met the contemporary
standard for refusal: he had caused the pilings to be
driven until additional penetration into the ground
was no greater than two inches after twenty-four
hammer blows.
Which one of the following can properly be inferred
from the passage?
(A) The Rialto Bridge was built on unsafe pilings.
(B) The standard of refusal was not sufficient to
ensure the safety of a bridge.
(C) Da Pontes standard of refusal was less strict
than that of other bridge builders of his day.
(D) After 1588, no bridges were built on pilings
that were driven to the point of refusal.
(E) It is possible that the pilings of the Rialto
Bridge could have been driven deeper even
after the standard of refusal had been met.
ATB,
GP
A few more questions :
1.
Some argue that laws are instituted at least in part to
help establish a particular moral fabric in society. But
the primary function of law is surely to help order
society so that its institutions, organizations, and
citizenry can work together harmoniously, regardless
of any further moral aims of the law. Indeed, the
highest courts have on occasion treated moral beliefs
based on conscience or religious faith as grounds for
making exceptions in the application of laws.
The statements above, if true, most strongly support
which one of the following?
(A) The manner in which laws are applied
sometimes takes into account the beliefs of
the people governed by those laws.
(B) The law has as one of its functions the ordering
of society but is devoid of moral aims.
(C) Actions based on religious belief or on moral
conviction tend to receive the protection of
the highest courts.
(D) The way a society is ordered by law should not
reflect any moral convictions about the way
society ought to be ordered.
(E) The best way to promote cooperation among a
societys institutions, organizations, and
citizenry is to institute order in that society
by means of law.
2.
Newtonian physics dominated science for over two
centuries. It found consistently successful
application, becoming one of the most highly
substantiated and accepted theories in the history of
science. Nevertheless, Einsteins theories came to
show the fundamental limits of Newtonian physics
and to surpass the Newtonian view in the early
1900s, giving rise once again to a physics
that has so far enjoyed wide success.
Which one of the following logically follows from
the statements above?
(A) The history of physics is characterized by a
pattern of one successful theory subsequently
surpassed by another.
(B) Long-standing success or substantiation of a
theory of physics is no guarantee that the
theory will continue to be dominant
indefinitely.
(C) Every theory of physics, no matter how
successful, is eventually surpassed by one
that is more successful.
(D) Once a theory of physics is accepted, it will
remain dominant for centuries.
(E) If a long-accepted theory of physics is
surpassed, it must be surpassed by a theory
that is equally successful.
Must Be True Question Problem Set
Each of the following questions is drawn from an actual LSAT. Please complete each problem and then
review the answer key and explanations.
3.
The solidity of bridge piers built on pilings depends
largely on how deep the pilings are driven. Prior to
1700, pilings were driven to refusal, that is, to the
point at which they refused to go any deeper. In a
1588 inquiry into the solidity of piers for Venices
Rialto Bridge, it was determined that the bridges
builder, Antonio Da Ponte, had met the contemporary
standard for refusal: he had caused the pilings to be
driven until additional penetration into the ground
was no greater than two inches after twenty-four
hammer blows.
Which one of the following can properly be inferred
from the passage?
(A) The Rialto Bridge was built on unsafe pilings.
(B) The standard of refusal was not sufficient to
ensure the safety of a bridge.
(C) Da Pontes standard of refusal was less strict
than that of other bridge builders of his day.
(D) After 1588, no bridges were built on pilings
that were driven to the point of refusal.
(E) It is possible that the pilings of the Rialto
Bridge could have been driven deeper even
after the standard of refusal had been met.
ATB,
GP
My Take in Bold.
Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.
21. The author's method of attacking the charges of certain opponents of the new deficit-reduction law is to
A. attack the character of the opponents rather than their claim
B. imply an analogy between the law and some New Deal programs
C. point out that the opponents' claims imply a dilemma
D. show that the opponents' reasoning leads to an absurd conclusion
E. show that the New Deal also called for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget
2. The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author's strategy by pointing out that
A. the expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding
B. the lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral
C. the practical application of the new law will not entail indiscriminate budget cuts
D. economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law
E. the fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so
My Take in Bold.
Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.
21. The author's method of attacking the charges of certain opponents of the new deficit-reduction law is to
A. attack the character of the opponents rather than their claim
B. imply an analogy between the law and some New Deal programs
C. point out that the opponents' claims imply a dilemma
D. show that the opponents' reasoning leads to an absurd conclusion
E. show that the New Deal also called for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget
2. The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author's strategy by pointing out that
A. the expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding
B. the lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral
C. the practical application of the new law will not entail indiscriminate budget cuts
D. economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law
E. the fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so
Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.
21. The author's method of attacking the charges of certain opponents of the new deficit-reduction law is to
A. attack the character of the opponents rather than their claim
B. imply an analogy between the law and some New Deal programs
C. point out that the opponents' claims imply a dilemma
D. show that the opponents' reasoning leads to an absurd conclusion
E. show that the New Deal also called for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget
2. The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author's strategy by pointing out that
A. the expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding
B. the lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral
C. the practical application of the new law will not entail indiscriminate budget cuts
D. economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law
E. the fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so
waiting for the OA's..