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Sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. The first and last sentences are 1 and 6, and the four in between are labelled A, B, C and D. Choose the most logical order of these four sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph from sentences 1 to 6
1. There, in Europe, his true gifts unveiled.
A. Playing with Don Cherie, blending Indian music and jazz for the first time, he began setting the pace in the late 70s for much of present-day fusion.
B. John McLaughlin, the legendary guitarist whose soul has always had an Indian stamp on it, was seduced immediately.
C. Fusion by Gurtu had begun.
D. He partnered Gurtu for four years, and ‘nurtured’ him as a composer. 6. But for every experimental musician there’s a critic nestling nearby.
Sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. The first and last sentences are 1 and 6, and the four in between are labelled A, B, C and D. Choose the most logical order of these four sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph from sentences 1 to 6
1. The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.
A. The hypothesis was soon substantiated by the discovery that periodic reversals of the earth’s magnetic field occur in the oceanic crust.
B. In its original version, it described the creation and destruction of ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates.
C. An explanation of this process devised by FJ Vine and DH Matthews of Princeton is now generally accepted.
D. The sea-floor spreading hypothesis was formulated chiefly by Harry H. Hess of Princeton University in the early 1960’s.
6. As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetised in the direction of the geomagnetic field.
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Physics is the model of what a successful science should be. It provides the basis for the other physical sciences and biology because everything in our world, including ourselves, is made of the same fundamental particles, whose interactions are governed by the same fundamental forces.It’s no surprise then, as Princeton University’s Philip Anderson has noted, that physics represents the ultimate reductionist subject: Physicists reduce matter first to molecules, then to atoms, then to nuclei and electrons, and so on, the goal being always to reduce complexity to simplicity. The extraordinary success of that approach is based on the concept of an isolated system. Experiments carried out on systems isolated from external interference are designed to identify the essential causal elements underlying physical reality.The problem is that no real physical or biological system is truly isolated, physically or historically. Consequently, reductionism tends to ignore the kinds of interactions that can trigger the emergence of order, patterns, or properties that do not pre-exist in the underlying physical substratum. Biological complexity and consciousness as products of evolutionary adaptation are just two examples. Physics might provide the necessary conditions for such phenomena to exist, but not the sufficient conditions for specifying the behaviours that emerge at those higher levels of complexity. Indeed, the laws of behaviour in complex systems emerge from, but are to a large degree independent of, the underlying low-level physics. That independence explains why biologists don’t need to study quantum field theory or the standard model of particle physics to do their jobs.Moreover, causes at those higher levels in the hierarchy of complexity have real effects at lower levels, not just the reverse as often thought. Consequently, physics cannot predict much of what we see in the world around us. If it could predict all, then free will would be illusory, the inevitable outcome of the underlying physics.True complexity, with the emergence of higher levels of order and meaning, including life, occurs in modular, hierarchical structures. Consider the precise ordering in large intricate networks -micro-connections in an integrated chip or human brain, for example. Such systems are complex not merely because they are complicated; order here implies organization, in contrast to randomness or disorder. They are hierarchical in that layers of order and complexity build upon each other, with physics underlying chemistry, chemistry underlying biology, and so forth. Each level can be described in terms of concepts relevant to its own particular structure. particle physics deals with behaviours of quarks and gluons, chemistry with atoms and molecules- so a different descriptive language applies at each level. Thus we can talk of different levels of meaning embodied in the same complex structure.The phenomenon of emergent order refers to this kind of organization, with the higher levels displaying new properties not evident at the lower levels. Unique properties of organized matter arise from how the parts are arranged and interact, properties that cannot be fully explained by breaking that order down into its component parts. You can’t even describe the higher levels in terms of lower-level language.Theories such as the gas laws or Ohm’s law provide a phenomenological understanding of the behaviour of atoms or charges. In particular, they are examples of laws that emerge from the particles’ joint, as compared to individual, behaviour. The higher, many-body levels are more complex and less predictable than the lower levels; we have reliable phenomenological laws describing behaviour at the levels of physics and chemistry, for instance, but not at the levels of psychology and sociology.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true about free will?
(A) Free will ceases to exist if physics can discover the laws governing behaviour at lower levels of complexity.
(B) Free will becomes an illusion if physics is able to predict the effects at lower levels due to the causes at higher levels
(C) Free will becomes an illusion if physics is able to predict the effects at higher levels due to the causes at lower levels.
(D) None of the above
(E) All
2. When the author says that “a different descriptive language applies at each level”, the author is trying to highlight that
(A) different subjects are useful for studying different complexity levels in a system and studying higher level effects does not necessarily require the understanding of lower level causes.
(B) any complex system can be broken down into simple building blocks that are arranged in a hierarchical order.
(C) analysing complex systems requires an expertise in various subjects without which the causes and effects at higher levels cannot be understood.
(D) the primacy of physics compared to chemistry and biology.
(E) None
3. Which of the following is not a reason for physics not being able to predict individual and social behaviour, as can be inferred from the passage?Select all that apply:
(A) Reductionist approach in physics does not take into account the interactions at a higher levels of complexity.
(B) Higher levels of complexity give rise to new properties not present at the lower levels.
(C) The interplay of causes and effects at higher and lower levels cannot be studied by physics which predominantly concentrates on the study of lower level phenomenological laws.
(D) The laws governing the complex systems emerge from the laws governing its component parts.
(E) None
4. The limitation that “reductionism tends to ignore … underlying physical substratum”, mentioned at the beginning of the third paragraph, primarily stems from
(A) reducing the complexity of a system in an attempt to simplify it.
(B) ignoring the complex interactions at higher levels of complexity.
(C) studying systems in an isolated environment.
(D) ignoring the relation between physics and other sciences like biology and chemistry.
(E) None
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The type of qualities you acquire / (a) depend upon your company / (b) and so you associate yourselves with simple and good natured people. / (c) No error/ (d)
I find two answers one is omitt the type of and other is depend change into depends
Directions for question: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer for each of the questions that follow it. The breadth of Hindu religion accommodates a large variety of religious concepts. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan called it 'Hindu hospitality'. As a result we see varied forms of practice of Hinduism. From the surface it may even appear like different religions with no common thread or goal.
Shankaracharya (788-820 C.E.) was responsible for the 'synthesis' of Hindu religion. But for the effort of Shankara, the chaotic and disorganized practices of many factions of Hinduism probably would have resulted in many splintered groups of religions. Shankara brilliantly unified the different pratices into one religion that we call Hinduism today. Though the diversity continued, they were now under the large, hospitable umbrella of Hinduism or Sanatana Dharma.
The concept of God in Upanishads is the 'Brahman' or the Universal Soul (synonymous with The Absolute, Supreme Being or World Spirit - param-atman). Every human being has an atman (individual soul - jiva-atman) that resembles the Universal Soul that is temporarily separated from it. It is compared to a fire that is the Supreme Being, from flames of which come the sparks, which are the human souls. However, the human soul has an undiminished desire to join its Creator. The newer religions like Christianity and Islam also profess that God created man in His own image. The goal of every human, in all religions, is to 'seek and find God'.
Brahman of the Upanishads is the impersonal, transcendent power that is responsible for all creation and the cosmos. This World Soul can only be described as what it is not, only in negative terms. It is nirguna (without qualities), nirakara (without form), nirvishesha (without particularity) and nirupadhika (without limitations). In Brhadaranyaka Upanishad, when Yajnavalkya was questioned by his students to describe God, he could only say, "It is not this and it is not that" (neti, neti, neti). This unlimited amorphous, colourless, characterless and formless Universal Spirit is omnipresent and omnipotent and like cosmic energy, it is pervasive, unseen and indescribable. There is, however, a danger of describing the Supreme Being in negative terms. This renders it totally impersonal and dispels a positive image of God. Buddha circumvented this problem by calling the eternal spirit nothing but righteousness or dharma, the codes of ethical living that all humans should follow. Buddha said that the cause for all suffering was sorrow (dukkha) and it can only be countered by renouncing "thirst' (tanha, desire), by living a life of moral and ethical standard (Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold path). To attain nirvana, Buddha suggested taking a non-extreme course called the Middle Path. It is the essence of Buddha's dharma/teachings. This path is between extreme self-denial (as in Jainism), and indiscriminate self-indulgence (as in the materialistic Charvakar). Though atheistic at its inception, Buddhism ultimately used Buddha himself as its icon and God. Eventually, even Hindus accepted Buddha as one of Vishnu avatars.
Ordinary people (Hindus) needed a God they could conceptualize, for worship. To go about their daily lives with devotion, the common folks needed a symbol, a personal God. Upanishads that described Nirguna Brahman as the Universal Soul also offered a Saguna Brahman, who is the antithesis of Nirguna Brahman. Saguna Brahman, who is the manifested form of the World Soul, is full of attributes and character. It is a perfect being, perfect consciousness and perfect freedom (sat-chit-anana). Hindus have perceived Saguna Brahman as different godheads to be worshipped. But the central belief of Hinduism remained unshaken that all these forms of godheads sprung from one Universal Soul. This makes Hinduism unique in the sense that it is a monotheistic religion with a pantheon of manifested forms of God. The common misconception that Hindu religion is polytheistic is simply untrue.
Shankara is credited with bringing unity to Hindu religion when it was dangerously close to schism, especially between Shiva and Vaishnava cults. He introduced the Panchayatna form of worship, which recognized five different godheads as part of Hindu religion. This effort effectively brought organization to the religion and also gave the individual devotee freedom of worship. Hindus also believe in the laws of karma. All actions, intended or unintended, result in karma. It is the account of a person's action. Karma is independent of god and religion. Apostasy from religion does neither absolve nor vitiate one's karma. God does not enjoin man to behave in a certain way. The basic guidelines of ethics and truth are described in the Hindu Dharma document (Dharmashastra of Manu) but the actions of a person are left to his or her discretion. However, there are consequences for all karma, good or bad, and these are permanently etched in the 'memory' of the soul. The soul carries this memory of karma, like a shroud around it, from birth to birth (punarjanma). When enough good karma is accumulated, the soul is liberated (moksha) from the cycle of births (samsara), to be eternally linked to the Absolute or the Universal World Soul. The manner of this linkage between jiva-atman and parama-atman, differs in the three major philosophies of Hinduism - Advaita, Vishishtadvaita and Dvaita.
The concept of retributive justice that follows karma is a deterrent to immoral life and a strong incentive for a person to live an ethical and decent life. This surely helps in social harmony and brings about societal stability. The concepts of karma, gunas, param-atman and jiva-atman in Sanatana Dharma are unique and extraordinary.
Which, among the following is NOT one of the paradoxical statements contained in the passage?
a)Hinduism is a monotheistic religion.
b)Buddhism was atheistic at its inception.
c)The World Soul is nirguna (without qualities).
d)Shankara is credited with bringing unity to Hinduism.
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Statement: There has been a significant drop in the water level of all the lakes supplying water to the city.Courses of Action:
- The water supply authority should impose a partial cut in supply to tackle the situation.
- The government should appeal to all the residents through mass media for minimal use of water. I have found two answers only 2 follow and both follows follows.
I know it is out of context but I have a question about exam registration. Nmat has recently included xaviers in their list of college applications, but I had my application filled before this college was added in the list. Do I get a chance to make changes in my nmat application?
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Mukesh has purchased a device that the manufacturer claims will reduce the fuel consumption in his motorcycle. After a month has passed, Mukesh determines that his mileage currently rests at 50 kmpl. Mukesh’s best friend, Anil, owns the same make and model of motorcycle, and has calculated his mileage at 60 kmpl. Anil’s motorcycle does not have the device that Mukesh purchased one month ago. Mukesh then makes the conclusion that the manufacturer of the device’s claim is not true. Which of the following statements would cause Mukesh’s conclusion to be weakest? 1)Though Mukesh has the same make and model of the motorcycle, Mukesh’s bike is 4 years older. 2)Mukesh was driving in the city, whereas Anil drives the highway 3)Before buying the device, Mukesh had never before calculated the mileage of his bike. 4)Anil lied, he actually only gets 45 kmpl.
The following question consists of a set of five sentences. These sentences need to be arranged in a coherent manner to create a meaningful paragraph. Type in the correct order of the sentences in the space provided below the question.
1. The fundamental idea behind any such theory—which we may call the immediacy thesis—is that judgments of beauty are not (or at least not primarily) mediated by inferences from principles or applications of concepts, but rather have all the immediacy of straightforwardly sensory judgments.
2. It was against this, and against more moderate forms of rationalism about beauty, that mainly British philosophers working mainly within an empiricist framework began to develop theories of taste.
3. Rationalism about beauty is the view that judgments of beauty are judgments of reason, i.e., that we judge things to be beautiful by reasoning it out, where reasoning it out typically involves inferring from principles or applying concepts.
4. It is the idea, in other words, that we do not reason to the conclusion that things are beautiful, but rather “taste” that they are.
5. At the beginning of the 18th century, rationalism about beauty had achieved dominance on the continent, and was being pushed to new extremes by “les géomètres,” a group of literary theorists who aimed to bring to literary criticism the mathematical rigor that Descartes had brought to physics.
The following question consists of a set of five sentences. These sentences need to be arranged in a coherent manner to create a meaningful paragraph. Type in the correct order of the sentences in the space provided below the question.
1. The emergence of life might not be the luck of atoms arranging themselves in the right way, it says, but an inevitable event if the conditions are correct.
2. But a new theory, proposed by a researcher at MIT and first reported in Quanta Magazine, proposes that when a group of atoms is exposed for a long time to a source of energy, it will restructure itself to dissipate more energy.
3. “You start with a random clump of atoms, and if you shine light on it for long enough, it should not be so surprising that you get a plant,” England said.
4. Paul Rosenberg, writing this week on Richard Dawkins’ site, said that the theory could make things “a whole lot worse for creationists”.
5. The problem for scientists attempting to understand how life began is understanding how living beings – which tend to be far better at taking energy from the environment and dissipating it as heat – could come about from non-living ones.
The following text is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text.
Pain is not the only unpleasant experience that humans are subject to. What about boredom? Might it serve some useful purpose, too? Not surprisingly, it has no shortage of philosophical defenders. Bertrand Russell and the psychoanalyst Adam Phillips both spoke of the importance of being able to endure it. Russell asserted that the capacity to weather boredom is ‘essential to a happy life’, whereas Phillips speculated on its developmental significance for children. The famous writer, Friedrich Nietzsche correctly commented on the creative power of boredom and found value in its relationship to great art. So did writer Susan Sontag, who in a brief diary entry rightly suggested that the best art of her time was boring: ‘Jasper Johns is boring. Beckett is boring, Robbe-Grillet is boring. Maybe art has to be boring, now.’
- Humans are subject to not only pain but also boredom. Pain is useful too. The comments of famous philosophers and writers seem to suggest that it is beneficial to life and art both.
- There are more unpleasant experiences that humans are subject to than just pain. Boredom is one of them and many philosophers and writers endorse this.
- Humans suffer more unpleasant things in life than pain. One such thing is boredom which is essential to life as well as art. This fact is endorsed by famous philosophers and writers.
- Boredom is a useful, though, an unpleasant experience. This is why many philosophers and authors say that it is essential to a happy life and good art.
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