Due to high jet fuel costs, airline carriers are looking for new ways to increase revenues and thereby counteract
declining profits. Airline A has proposed increasing the number of passengers that can fit on its airplanes by
creating several standing room only “seats” in which passengers would be propped against a padded backboard
and held in place with a harness. This proposal, since it relates to passenger safety, cannot be implemented
without prior approval by the Federal Aviation Administration. The above statements, if true, indicate that Airline
A has made which of the following conclusions?
Explain your Answer Choice?
Everyone who has graduated from Top Notch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most
students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League
universities are accepted to at least one of them. The statements above, if true, best support which of the
following conclusions?
According to a recent magazine article, of those office employees who typically work 8 hours at the office each day
but sometimes say that they will work at home on a particular day, 25 percent actually work less than one hour. At
the same time, over 90 percent of those same office employees believe they are more productive working at home
than working in their office. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions about
the office employees discussed in the article?
Some animals, such as dolphins, dogs, and African grey parrots, seem to exhibit cognitive functions typically associated with higher-order primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans. Some parrots, for example, have vocabularies of hundreds of words that they can string together in a comprehensible syntax. This clearly shows that humans and primates are not the only animals capable of using language to communicate. One parrot, named Alex, has been known to ask to be petted or kissed and will exhibit aggression if the gesture offered is not the specific one requested.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
Mr. Janeck: I don’t believe Stevenson will win the election for governor. Few voters are willing to elect a businessman with no political experience to such a responsible public office. Ms. Siuzdak: You’re wrong. The experience of running a major corporation is a valuable preparation for the task of running a state government. M.
Siuzdak’s response shows that she has interpreted Mr. Janeck’s remark to imply which of the following?
Recently, some critics of the U.S. government have pointed out that this country is the only advanced industrialized
nation without a national vaccine laboratory and suggested that this lack makes the American public more vulnerable
than other developed nations to infectious diseases, such as avian flu. A government official said these critics were
disloyal and thus wrong about the public’s vulnerability. To support his claim, the official cited the generally long
life span and low infant mortality of United States citizens, relative to all United Nation member nations. Mentioning
the high quality of American hospitals, he added that all of the Europeans that he knew preferred to undergo major
medical treatments in the United States rather than in the socialized medical systems in place in their home
countries. All of the following are weaknesses or potential weaknesses in the official’s argument EXCEPT:
Help!!!
According to a recent research study, more than 90% percent of graduates of private high schools in a certain
county continue their education in college. By contrast, only 65% of graduates of public high schools subsequently
pursue college education. Therefore, if parents in the county wish to increase the likelihood that their children will
attend college, they should send them to private rather than public schools. Which of the following statements
would most seriously weaken the argument above?
When people engage in activities that help others, their brain releases endorphins, the brain’s natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people’s longevity. And a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because ________________________ Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
It is theoretically possible that bacteria developed on Mars early in its history and that some were carried to Earth by a meteorite. However, strains of bacteria from different planets would probably have substantial differences in protein structure that would persist over time, and no two bacterial strains on Earth are different enough to have arisen on different planets. So, even if bacteria did arrive on Earth from Mars, they must have died out. The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?
Environmentalist: Snowmobiles in the park north of Milville create unacceptable levels of air pollution and should be banned. Milville
Business Spokesperson: Snowmobiling brings many out-of-towners to Milville in the winter months, to the great direct financial benefit of many local residents. In addition, the money the town collects in fees for the recreational use of the park indirectly benefits all Milville residents. So, it is basic economics for us to put up with the pollution.
Which of the following, if true, could best be used by the environmentalist to counter the business spokesperson’s argument?
The downturn in the economy last year has prompted many companies to make widely publicized layoffs, resulting in thousands of lost jobs. Economists predicted that these layoffs would cause people generally to cut back on their discretionary spending even if their jobs were secure, in anticipation of coming hard times. However, this prediction has not come to pass, since there has been no increase in the amount of money set aside by the general public in savings accounts. The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the significance of the savings patterns described above?
pls provide reason also..
"Life expectancy" is the average age at death of the entire live-born
population. In the middle of the nineteenth century, life expectancy in
North America was 40 years, whereas now it is nearly 80 years. Thus, in
those days, people must have been considered old at age that we now
consider the prime of life.
Which of the following, if true, undermines the argument above?
a. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the population of North America was significantly smaller than is today.
b.
Most of the gains in life expectancy in the last 150 years have come
from reductions in the number of infants who die in their first year of
life.
c. Many of the people who live to an advanced age today do
so only because of medical technology that was unknown in the
nineteenth century.
d. the proportion of people who die in their
seventies is significantly smaller today than is the proportion of
people who die in their eighties.
e. More people in the middle of the nineteenth century engaged regularly in vigorous physical activity than do so today.
PLEASE EXPLAIN IN DETAIL.
Astronomer: Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they did not show how big those fragments were. In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomers studied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere. These analyses revealed unprecedented traces of sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur. Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
In the astronomer's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of that explanation.
B. The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.
C. The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.
D. The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that conclusion.
E. The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion
Scientists have determined that an effective way to lower cholesterol is to eat three servings of whole grains every
day. Studies have shown that the cholesterol levels of people who did so were significantly lower after six months
than were those of people who did not, even though the cholesterol levels of the two groups were the same before
the studies began. Clearly, eating whole grains can have an appreciable effect on cholesterol levels. The answer
to which of the following questions, if true, would be most useful in evaluating the claim about whole
grains above?
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Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species: a hare, a partridge, and various Mediterranean fish. Oddly, most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created. Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other Roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were very likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the Roman Empire.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines is demonstrated by the case of Tribnia's coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribnia is double what it was five years ago, even though no new mines have opened. Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage?
Due to a sharp rise in the price of gasoline, commuters who drive to work in the center of the city are facing a large increase in transportation expenses that will limit the funds they have available to spend in other areas. In order to forestall a slowdown in the local economy, the city council has decided that fares on all forms of public transportation will be suspended for the next three months. Clearly, if commuters can get to work more cheaply, they will have more money left over to spend in other sectors of the economy, and the city’s finances on the whole will not be negatively affected by higher gasoline prices.
If all of the statements above are true, which of the following is most likely to be damaged by the city council’s plan?
Though sucking zinc lozenges has been promoted as treatment for the common cold, research has revealed no consistent effect. Recently, however, a zinc gel applied nasally has been shown to greatly reduce the duration of colds. Since the gel contains zinc in the same form and concentration as the lozenges, the greater the effectiveness of the gel must be due to the fact that cold virus tend to concentrate in the nose, not the mouth.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool, the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last year. Thus, although the retail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen, it will inevitably fall.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?