GMAT Critical Reasoning Discussions

Soumya Sharma12 Says
I joined Princeton Review ....awesome experience


ok..so till 24 hours back, you had NO IDEA about coaching institutes, and suddenly you are just drooling over Princeton Review!!

Moderators, please ban this person and also Princeton Review. More than once, people from this institute have been shown to be un-ethically marketing themselves.

Thanx Makn and Soumya bt I was wondering how bout Jamboore......Anyone frm Jamboore in dis thread plzzzzz let me knw.

Arjun m suggesting you Princeton attended a class n ws really good dats y m suggesting you.....

Pl visit someother community 😃 ! This is not a place to discuss about coaching institutes! If u have any doubt abt crs or if u wanna post some,u r most welcome!

Someone please help me with this question..





A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune system activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune system activityThe researcher concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against physical disease
The researcher's conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) High immunesystem activity protects against mental illness better than normal immune, system activity does
(B) Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.
(C) People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness
(D) Mental illness does not cause people's immune-system activity to decrease.
(E) Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as effective as is medical treatment.

acc. to me B is the correct answer as other options except b contains some assumptions that were not given in the passage..only b option satisfies the passage.

No, the answer should be D.
Assumption means that if you consider it to be wrong, then the conclusion should become false.
If mental illness caused people's immune system activity to decrease, they would automatically score lower on the tests. The researcher has assumed that mental illness will not let immune system activity to decrease.

robin gill Says
acc. to me B is the correct answer as other options except b contains some assumptions that were not given in the passage..only b option satisfies the passage.


Assumptions might not be given in the passage.


My take is D. This is because

1. the last sentence is the conclusion
2. If you negate the assumption (from answer choices), you conclusion also gets negated.
15. Bill: Smoke-detecting fire alarms can save lives. I believe that every apartment in this city should be required by law to be equipped with a smoke detector.
Joe: I disagree with your proposal. Smoke detectors are just as important for safety in private houses as they are in apartment.
From this exchange, it can be inferred that Joe has interpreted Bill's statement to mean that

16. In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution coollution considered unhealthful.
(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
(E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area.


OA is C

16..In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 31 days that year and on 39 days the following year. In 1989, however, the number of smog alerts in Los Diablos dropped to sixteen. The main air pollutants in Los Diablos are ozone and carbon monoxide, and since 1986 the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography.
Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?
(A) The 1987 air pollution control measures enacted in Los Diablos were put into effect in November of 1988.
(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.
(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.
(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
(E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area.
OA is C

16..In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 31 days that year and on 39 days the following year. In 1989, however, the number of smog alerts in Los Diablos dropped to sixteen. The main air pollutants in Los Diablos are ozone and carbon monoxide, and since 1986 the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography.
Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?
(A) The 1987 air pollution control measures enacted in Los Diablos were put into effect in November of 1988.
(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.
(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.
(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
(E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area.


My take would be B.
A: Fine. Explains increase in 1987, and then further increase in 1988
B: Was the invented item put into use? Doubtful..
C: Fine.Scale revised, alter days fell
D: Fine.As the local industries were exempted from control measures, O3 and CO2 kept rising.. more smog days
E: Fine. Explains the levels took 2 years to settle down since the new measures 1987, 1988. In 1989 finally smog alerts fell.

Whats the OA?

This is a question from the 1000CR document, one that I sincerely advise everyone to stay away from. There are loads of questions in the OG's to discuss and practice. Please try not to reach out and try more questions from these docs, they might do you more harm than good.

This question is a good example why I would recommend not going close to the 1000 CR doc.

Discuss this problem, without looking at the OA and try to get to a conclusion, you guys will probably understand what I am trying to tell you.



16..In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures
This is a question from the 1000CR document, one that I sincerely advise everyone to stay away from. There are loads of questions in the OG's to discuss and practice. Please try not to reach out and try more questions from these docs, they might do you more harm than good.

This question is a good example why I would recommend not going close to the 1000 CR doc.

Discuss this problem, without looking at the OA and try to get to a conclusion, you guys will probably understand what I am trying to tell you.


hey sausi i know this question is from 1000cr wats wrong in it..i mean we are just practising na..and OG questions are already finished by all..and few dont might have this 1000cr so only practising from there..

Please someone help with this question.

There is no mystery as to why figurative painting revived in the late 1970s. People want to look at recognizable images. Sorting out art theories reflected in abstract paintings is no substitute for the sense of empathy that comes from looking at a realistic painting of a figure in a landscape. Perhaps members of the art felt that its lack of realistic subject matter was a rejection of the viewers and their world.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?
(A) Abstract paintings often include or forms that are suggestive of real objects or emotions.
(B) The art-viewing public wished to see traditional subjects treated in a non-traditional manner.
(C) Paintings that depict a recognizable physical world rather than the emotional world of the artist's life require more artistic talent to create.
(D) The general public is unable to understand the theories on which abstract painting is based.
(E) The artistic preferences of the art-viewing public stimulated the revival.

OA is (E).

Please somone help me with these questions.
Q.1 At one time, European and Japanese companies tried to imitate their American rivals. Today, American appliance manufacturers import European scientists to lead their research staffs; American automakers design cars that mimic the styling of German, Italian, and French imports; and American electronics firms boast in their advertising of Japanese-style devotion to quality and reliability. In the world of high technology, America has lost the battle for international prestige.
Each of the following statements, if true, would help to support the claim above EXCEPT:
(A) An American camera company claims in its promotional literature to produce cameras as fine as the best Swiss imports.
(B) An American maker of stereo components designs its products to resemble those of a popular Japanese firm.
(C) An American manufacturer of video games uses a brand name chosen because it sounds like a Japanese word.
(D) An American maker of televisions studies German-made televisions in order to adopt German manufacturing techniques.E
(E) An American maker of frozen foods advertises its dinners as Real European-style entrees prepared by fine French and Italian chefs.
OA - E .My Ans - C



Q2. Are you still reading the other newspaper in town? Did you know that the Daily Bugle is owned by an out-of-town business syndicate that couldnt care less about the people of Gotham City? Read the Daily Clarion, the only real voice of the people of Gotham City!
Which of the following most directly refutes the argument raised in the advertisement above?
(A) Over half of the advertising revenues of the Daily Clarion come from firms whose headquarters are located outside of Gotham City.
(B) The Daily Clarion usually devotes more of its pages to out-of-town news than does the Daily Bugle.
(C) Nearly 40 percent of the readers of the Daily Clarion reside outside the limits of Gotham City.
(D) The editor-in-chief and all the other members of the editorial staff of the Daily Bugle have lived and worked in Gotham City for ten years or more.D
(E) The Daily Bugle has been published in Gotham City for a longer time than


OA - D My Ans - B


thanks

Please somone help me with these questions.
Q.1 At one time, European and Japanese companies tried to imitate their American rivals. Today, American appliance manufacturers import European scientists to lead their research staffs; American automakers design cars that mimic the styling of German, Italian, and French imports; and American electronics firms boast in their advertising of Japanese-style devotion to quality and reliability. In the world of high technology, America has lost the battle for international prestige.
Each of the following statements, if true, would help to support the claim above EXCEPT:
(A) An American camera company claims in its promotional literature to produce cameras as fine as the best Swiss imports.
(B) An American maker of stereo components designs its products to resemble those of a popular Japanese firm.
(C) An American manufacturer of video games uses a brand name chosen because it sounds like a Japanese word.
(D) An American maker of televisions studies German-made televisions in order to adopt German manufacturing techniques.E
(E) An American maker of frozen foods advertises its dinners as Real European-style entrees prepared by fine French and Italian chefs.
OA - E .My Ans - C



Q2. Are you still reading the other newspaper in town? Did you know that the Daily Bugle is owned by an out-of-town business syndicate that couldnt care less about the people of Gotham City? Read the Daily Clarion, the only real voice of the people of Gotham City!
Which of the following most directly refutes the argument raised in the advertisement above?
(A) Over half of the advertising revenues of the Daily Clarion come from firms whose headquarters are located outside of Gotham City.
(B) The Daily Clarion usually devotes more of its pages to out-of-town news than does the Daily Bugle.
(C) Nearly 40 percent of the readers of the Daily Clarion reside outside the limits of Gotham City.
(D) The editor-in-chief and all the other members of the editorial staff of the Daily Bugle have lived and worked in Gotham City for ten years or more.D
(E) The Daily Bugle has been published in Gotham City for a longer time than


OA - D My Ans - B


thanks

Hi AP,

The only way I can justify is that it is given in the passage ...
In the world of high technology, America has lost the battle for international prestige.

Preparing a food item the European way do not go with the context. Hence E.

The second one is straightforward though, we have to refute the argument
Did you know that the Daily Bugle is owned by an out-of-town business syndicate that couldn't care less about the people of Gotham City?
Only OPTION D does that....isn't it ???
Hi AP,

The only way I can justify is that it is given in the passage ...

Preparing a food item the European way do not go with the context. Hence E.

The second one is straightforward though, we have to refute the argument Only OPTION D does that....isn't it ???

Thanks for the above replies. I agree with the second one completely. My bad. :)
The first one though now after you mention it, I can appreciate the logic. But at crunch times, its a difficult one. Thanks.
I hope you dont mind clearing my doubts for the following 😃



Q. The upcoming presidential election in the West African republic of Ganelon is of grave concern to the U.S. State Department. Ganelon presently has strong political and military ties to the United States. However, the Socialist party is widely expected to win the election, leading to fears that Ganelon will soon break away from the pro-American bloc and adopt a nonaligned or openly anti-American stance.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?
(A) A Socialist party government in Ganelon is more likely to oppose the United States than is a non-Socialist party government.
(B) The people of the United States recognize their nation's interest in the political stability of West Africa.
(C) A weakening of U.S. political ties with Ganelon could have serious consequences for U.S. relations with other African nations.
(D) The Socialist party leaders in Ganelon believe that their nation's interests would best be served by an alliance with anti-American forces.
(E) The Socialist party will win the upcoming election in Ganelon.
OA - A. My ans - D

Q. In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.
It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?
I. Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II. More government workers should be fired.
III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III
(E) III only


OA - A. My ans - B
Thanks for the above replies. I agree with the second one completely. My bad. :)
The first one though now after you mention it, I can appreciate the logic. But at crunch times, its a difficult one. Thanks.
I hope you dont mind clearing my doubts for the following 😃



Q. The upcoming presidential election in the West African republic of Ganelon is of grave concern to the U.S. State Department. Ganelon presently has strong political and military ties to the United States. However, the Socialist party is widely expected to win the election, leading to fears that Ganelon will soon break away from the pro-American bloc and adopt a nonaligned or openly anti-American stance.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?
(A) A Socialist party government in Ganelon is more likely to oppose the United States than is a non-Socialist party government.
(B) The people of the United States recognize their nations interest in the political stability of West Africa.
(C) A weakening of U.S. political ties with Ganelon could have serious consequences for U.S. relations with other African nations.
(D) The Socialist party leaders in Ganelon believe that their nations interests would best be served by an alliance with anti-American forces.
(E) The Socialist party will win the upcoming election in Ganelon.
OA - A. My ans - D

Q. In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.
It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?
I. Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II. More government workers should be fired.
III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III
(E) III only


OA - A. My ans - B

Hi AP,
Let me answer the second one first. No way you can infer "III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees." Please don't confuse "This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient" with large number of civil Service employees.

The first one was a close choice between A and D but felt A is stronger as it qualifies the conclusion better.
D is a bit far fetched assumption. Although this was more a gut feeling, so can't thrust upon you the real logic.

@Experienced Puys : Can anyone suggest a better logical method of tackling such assumption based ques.
Hi AP,
Let me answer the second one first. No way you can infer "III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees." Please don't confuse "This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient" with large number of civil Service employees.

The first one was a close choice between A and D but felt A is stronger as it qualifies the conclusion better.
D is a bit far fetched assumption. Although this was more a gut feeling, so can't thrust upon you the real logic.

@Experienced Puys : Can anyone suggest a better logical method of tackling such assumption based ques.

I stil dont understand the logic for 2nd. As in if the Civil Service employees loaf and this is largely thereason why the govt is inefficient then most govt employees must be civil service officer. Isn;t it??
AdhirajPoddar Says
I stil dont understand the logic for 2nd. As in if the Civil Service employees loaf and this is largely thereason why the govt is inefficient then most govt employees must be civil service officer. Isn;t it??


govt is inefficient against Civil Service employees . most of the Civil Service employees take this as advantage

but then all the Civil Service employees are not govt employees ..

eg. Take an example with numbers. lets say out of 100 % govt employees 25% are Civil Service employees

in that 25% , 80% - 90% take advantage

80 of 25 is jus 20 .. 20 out of 100 is not a big deal .. we cannot infer III

so OA - A

Q. A mail order company recently had a big jump in clothing sales after hiring a copywriter and a graphic artist to give its clothing catalog a magazinelike format designed to appeal to a more upscale clientele. The company is now planning to launch a housewares catalog using the same concept.
The companys plan assumes that
(A) other housewares catalogs with magazinelike formats do not already exist
(B) an upscale clientele would be interested in a housewares catalog
(C) the same copywriter and graphic artist could be employed for both the clothing and housewares catalogs
(D) a magazinelike format requires a copywriter and a graphic artistB
(E) customers to whom the old clothing catalog appealed would continue to make purchases from catalogs with the new format


OA - B. My ans - A.

Q. Because of a recent drought in Florida during the orange-growing season, the price of oranges this season will be three times the usual price. This will drive up the cost of producing orange juice and thus push up the price of orange juice for the consumer.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) The recent drought was not as severe as scientists predicted.
(B) States other than Florida also supply oranges to orange juice manufacturers.
(C) Other ingredients are used in the production of orange juice.
(D) Last year the price of oranges was actually lower than the average price over the past ten years.B
(E) The price of oranges will eventually be $0.48 per crate.

OA - B. My ans - C. The reasoning is that even though oranges can be supplied by other states still the passage mentions orange prices are going to be 3 times. so.. Please help!!

Q. Critics of sales seminars run by outside consultants point out that since 1987, revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees attended consultant-led seminars were lower than revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees did not attend such seminars. The critics charge that for vacuum cleaner companies, the sales seminars are ill conceived and a waste of money.
Which of the following, if true, is the most effective challenge to the critics of sales seminars?
(A) Those vacuum cleaner companies whose sales were highest prior to 1987 are the only companies that did not send employees to the seminars.
(B) Vacuum cleaner companies that have sent employees to sales seminars since 1987 experienced a greater drop in sales than they had prior to 1987.
(C) The cost of vacuum cleaner sales seminars run by outside consultants has risen dramatically since 1987.
(D) The poor design of vacuum cleaner sales seminars is not the only reason for their ineffectiveness.A
(E) Since 1987, sales of vacuum cleaners have risen twenty percent.
Dint get this!!


Q. A light bulb company produces 2,000 light bulbs per week. The manager wants to ensure that standards of quality remain constant from week to week. The manager, therefore, claims that out of 2,000 light bulbs produced per week, 500 light bulbs are rejected.
Of the following, the best criticism of the managers plan is that the plan assumes that
(A) light bulb manufacturers cannot accept all light bulbs that produced
(B) the overall quality of the light bulbs would not be improved if the total number of light bulbs produced were reduced
(C) each light bulb that is reviewed is worthy of being reviewed
(D) it is difficult to judge the quality of a light bulbE
(E) the 1,500 light bulbs that are accepted will be of the same quality from week to week


Dint get this either!!



Q. In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.
It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?
I. Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II. More government workers should be fired.
III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III
(E) III only


OA - A. My ans - B


First of all I doubt the validity of this question.CR Questions generally don't comes this format, at least I haven't seen any in OG.

Anyway, Everyone here is missing the big picture of this question. This is not a normal Inference type.

An inference question falls in must be true type questions - we are not allowed to assume anything from outside.
It acts in two ways -
1. one that can be directly proven from the statements at hand - at times they are just a paraphrase of what is already stated or very very close to the statement at hand. This is more common type of inferences.
My brother is taller than me
Inference : I am shorter than my brother.
Here the statements can be rigorously proved


2. The second type of inference cannot be rigorously proved - but at the same time it cannot be false . It would be ridiculous for them to be false.

Joe went to the room and picked 5 eclairs from a bowl of 100 candies containing 10 eclairs and 90 X.

Inference :
from rule 1 --- something that can be rigorously proved.
e,g : the bowl now contain 5 eclairs

from rule 2 ----- Joe deliberately picked 5 eclairs. this is true as this cannot be false, if its just by chance , i think you know the probability of picking 5 chocolates out of 100 and still getting all eclairs.
here why the author is mentioning the composition of the bowl -- its for a purpose. GMAT will never tell you something just like this, all statements are there for some reason. This is also a reason why GMAT passages never have a conclusion.

Wrong inference : Joe preferred/like eclairs --- this is too much far stretched, we dont know the reason for joe picking up this.


Here you have to know why the statements are being told to u - what are the facts doing there . When ever any facts are being told to you, its for a purpose. They are not simply written !! You have to find out why the statements are being told to you by the author.

Here the author believes something or wants to prove something and so he presents the fact in front of you. So why the author is trying to tell you all this facts - you have to find the reason.

I think by now you can find out why A is the only fit answer !! This is a very much tested concept in RC. This problem is based on this concept.

Hope this helps !!