Citizen: Each year since 1970, a new record has been set for the number of murders committed in this city. This fact points to the decreasing ability of our law enforcement system to prevent violent crime.
City Official: You overlook the fact that the citys population has risen steadily since 1970. In fact, the number of murder victims per 100 people has actually fallen slightly in the city since 1970.
Which one of the following, if true, would most strongly counter the city officials response?
A) The incidence of fraud has greatly increased in the city since 1970.
B) The rate of murders in the city since 1970 decreased according to the age group of the victim, decreasing more for younger victims.
C) Murders and other violent crimes are more likely to be reported now than they were in 1970.
D) The number of law enforcement officials in the city has increased at a rate judged by city law enforcement experts to be sufficient to serve the citys increased population.
E) If the health care received by assault victims last year had been of the same quality as it was in 1970, the murder rate in the city last year would have turned out to be several times what it actually was
In Gandania, where the government has a monopoly on tobacco sales, the incidence of smoking-related health problems has risen steadily for the last twenty years. The health secretary recently proposed a series of laws aimed at curtailing tobacco use in Gandania. Profits from tobacco sales, however, account for ten percent of Gandanias annual revenues. Therefore, Gandania cannot afford to institute the proposed laws. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? A. All health care in Gandania is government-funded. B. Implementing the proposed laws is not likely to cause a significant increase in the amount of tobacco Gandania exports. C. The percentage of revenue Gandania receives from tobacco sales has remained steady in recent years. D. Profits from tobacco sales far surpass any other single source of revenue for the Gandanian government. E. No government official in Gandania has ever previously proposed laws aimed at curtailing tobacco use
I would go with A.
However, I find B a good one as well. Can some one provide the OA along with the explanations for A and B.
Questions are based on the following. The earths resources are being depleted much too fast. To correct this, the United States must keep its resource consumption at present levels for many years to come. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions? (A) Per capita resource consumption in the United States is at an all-time high. (B) The United States wastes resources. (C) The United States uses more resources than any other country. (D) The United States imports most of the resources it uses. (E) Curbing U.S. resource consumption will significantly retard world resource depletion.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above? (A) New resource deposits are constantly being discovered. (B) The United States consumes one-third of all resources used in the world. (C) Other countries need economic development more than the United States does. (D) Other countries have agreed to hold their resource consumption at present levels. (E) The United States has been conserving resources for several years.
In two months, the legal minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia will increase from five Kirlandic dollars(KD5.00) Per hour to KD5.50 per hour. Opponents of this increase have argued that the resulting rise in wages will drive the inflation rate up. In fact its impact on wages will probably be negligible, since only a very small proportion of all Kirfandic workers are currently receiving less than KD5.50 per hour.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Most people in kirlandia who are currently earning the minimum wage have been employed at their current jobs for less than a year.
B. Some firms in Kirlandia have paid workers considerably less than KD5.00 per hour, in violation of kirlandic employment regulations.
C. Many businesses hire trainees at or near the minimum wage but must reward trained workers by keeping their paylevels above the pay level of trainees.
D. The greatest growth in Kirlandia's economy in recent years has been in those sectors where workers earn wages that tend to be much higher than the minimum wage.
E The current minimum wage is insufficient for a worker holding only one job to earn enough to support a family, even when working full time at that job.
My take in bolds..
Conclusion: Wages will have minimal affect.
Right option should highlight some affect on wages.
Option A: Irrelevant
Option B: Opp answer ; Strengthens the conclusion as the companies that violate the rules ryt nw will continue to do so
Option C: Right answer. Min. wage rises, salary of experienced professional needs to go up to be above the new min. wage
Option D: Out of Scope
Option E: this option itself has a lot of assumptions; are all workers holding one job? are all workers supporting a family? Anyway, the sufficiency is not the issue, the affect of increasing the min. wage is ...
Some philosophers of science claim that no serious scientific theory can be tested experimentally without taking for granted some other body of scientific beliefs, the operation of the instruments-for we cannot interpret the experimental results without appealing to such beliefs. If this is true, then which of the following conclusions seems most likely?
A) Any particular scientific theory can be consistently retained, even in the face of apparently incompatible evidence, if we are willing to give up certain other scientific beliefs.
B) Experimental evidence is really irrelevant to scientific theorizing.
C) Experimental evidence is more relevant to the testing of scientific theories than to their initial formulation.
D) Experimental evidence is more relevant to the initial formulation of scientific theories than to their testing.
E) The best scientific theories are those which are formulated in such a way as to be subject to conclusive experimental refutation
this one is harshly brutal !!
b,c,d address same issue pertaining to the importance of experimental evidence. b is extreme; c,d state a comparison but the stimulus only contains the information about the importance of experimental evidence while testing a serious scientific theory..
e talks about refutation of the theory thru experiments .. this is not true ..
A remains
Insect infestations in certain cotton-growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. By contrast, the price of soybeans has long remained stable. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in Ortovia plan to cease growing soybeans and begin raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price of cotton to increase their income significantly, at least over the next several years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the plans chances for success?
(A) The cost of raising soybeans has increased significantly over the past several years and is expected to continue to climb. (B) Tests of a newly developed, inexpensive pesticide have shown it to be both environmentally safe and effective against the insects that have infested cotton crops. (C) In the past several years, there has been no sharp increase in the demand for cotton and for goods made out of cotton. (D) Few consumers would be willing to pay significantly higher prices for cotton goods than they are now paying. (E) The species of insect that has infested cotton plants has never been known to attack soybean plants
Only option B and D are options that weaken the conclusion..
B is a better option as D states that " than they are now paying", so even if the consumers continue to pay the current amount then there would be gud profits ..
In two months, the legal minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia will increase from five Kirlandic dollars(KD5.00) Per hour to KD5.50 per hour. Opponents of this increase have argued that the resulting rise in wages will drive the inflation rate up. In fact its impact on wages will probably be negligible, since only a very small proportion of all Kirfandic workers are currently receiving less than KD5.50 per hour. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? E The current minimum wage is insufficient for a worker holding only one job to earn enough to support a family, even when working full time at that job. Some philosophers of science claim that no serious scientific theory can be tested experimentally without taking for granted some other body of scientific beliefs, the operation of the instruments-for we cannot interpret the experimental results without appealing to such beliefs. If this is true, then which of the following conclusions seems most likely? D) Experimental evidence is more relevant to the initial formulation of scientific theories than to their testing. Insect infestations in certain cotton-growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. By contrast, the price of soybeans has long remained stable. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in Ortovia plan to cease growing soybeans and begin raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price of cotton to increase their income significantly, at least over the next several years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the plans chances for success? (C) In the past several years, there has been no sharp increase in the demand for cotton and for goods made out of cotton.
OAs are in italics!
WHAT !!! These OAs seem wrong to me .. none of them follow logically , esp. 1st and 3rd ...
Right option should highlight some affect on wages.
Option A: Irrelevant
Option B: Opp answer ; Strengthens the conclusion as the companies that violate the rules ryt nw will continue to do so
Option C: Right answer. Min. wage rises, salary of experienced professional needs to go up to be above the new min. wage
Option D: Out of Scope
Option E: this option itself has a lot of assumptions; are all workers holding one job? are all workers supporting a family? Anyway, the sufficiency is not the issue, the affect of increasing the min. wage is ...
this one is harshly brutal !!
b,c,d address same issue pertaining to the importance of experimental evidence. b is extreme; c,d state a comparison but the stimulus only contains the information about the importance of experimental evidence while testing a serious scientific theory..
e talks about refutation of the theory thru experiments .. this is not true ..
A remains
Only option B and D are options that weaken the conclusion..
B is a better option as D states that " than they are now paying", so even if the consumers continue to pay the current amount then there would be gud profits ..
The athletic footwear industry was revolutionzied years ago by the introductioin of expensive products backed by celebrity athlete endorsements and sophisticated brand marketing on radio and television.since then it has been accepted that companies simply cannot compete with thios industry without great deal of media exposure.however,the most popular new brand of athletic footwear in the last year is not advertised on radio and television, and positions its product "half the price -just as good."
which of the following best explains the apparent discrepancy above? 1)the new brand of footwear is constructed along the same lines as the products made by more expensive brands. 2)the new footwear brand has several celebrity spokesperson who are not athletes. 3)Most of the new brand's customers have come from personal recomendations. 4)The company's novel marketing approach has been repeatedly covered on several popular news shows. 5)Last year,the new footwear brand has the sales less than half of the sales of the leading footwear brand.
Companies doing well primarily have two advantages: expensive products endorsed by celebrities and sophisticated brand marketing
Product that has been popular last year did nothing of the above two, but it still did well..
option 3 and 4 are close.. but I feel option 4 is more inline with the argument...
Yeasts capable of leavening bread are widespread, and in the many centuries during which the ancient Egyptians made only unleavened bread, such yeasts must frequently have been mixed into bread doughs accidentally. The Egyptians, however, did not discover leavened bread until about 3000 B.C. That discovery roughly coincided with the introduction of a wheat variety that was preferable to previous varieties because its edible kernel could be removed from the husk without first toasting the grain.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence that the two developments were causally related?
A. Even after the ancient Egyptians discovered leavened bread and the techniques for reliably producing it were well known, unleavened bread continued to be widely consumed.
B. Only when the Egyptians stopped the practice of toasting grain were their stonelined grain-toasting pits available for baking bread.
C. Heating a wheat kernel destroys its gluten, a protein that must be present in order for yeast to leaven bread dough.
D. The new variety of wheat, which had a more delicate flavor because it was not toasted, was reserved for the consumption of high officials when it first began to be grown.
E. Because the husk of the new variety of wheat was more easily removed, flour made from it required less effort to produce.
In two months, the legal minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia will increase from five Kirlandic dollars(KD5.00) Per hour to KD5.50 per hour. Opponents of this increase have argued that the resulting rise in wages will drive the inflation rate up. In fact its impact on wages will probably be negligible, since only a very small proportion of all Kirfandic workers are currently receiving less than KD5.50 per hour. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? E The current minimum wage is insufficient for a worker holding only one job to earn enough to support a family, even when working full time at that job. Some philosophers of science claim that no serious scientific theory can be tested experimentally without taking for granted some other body of scientific beliefs, the operation of the instruments-for we cannot interpret the experimental results without appealing to such beliefs. If this is true, then which of the following conclusions seems most likely? D) Experimental evidence is more relevant to the initial formulation of scientific theories than to their testing. Insect infestations in certain cotton-growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. By contrast, the price of soybeans has long remained stable. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in Ortovia plan to cease growing soybeans and begin raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price of cotton to increase their income significantly, at least over the next several years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the plans chances for success? (C) In the past several years, there has been no sharp increase in the demand for cotton and for goods made out of cotton. OAs are in italics!
@cognizant_81: Are you sure about the OA's? I found the following discussions of the above questions, where OA's posted are different from here.
The athletic footwear industry was revolutionzied years ago by the introductioin of expensive products backed by celebrity athlete endorsements and sophisticated brand marketing on radio and television.since then it has been accepted that companies simply cannot compete with thios industry without great deal of media exposure.however,the most popular new brand of athletic footwear in the last year is not advertised on radio and television, and positions its product "half the price -just as good."
which of the following best explains the apparent discrepancy above? 1)the new brand of footwear is constructed along the same lines as the products made by more expensive brands.now this is an classical example for parallel reasoning. OA is in bold!! there was some confusion regarding OA for this stem Q which was later clarified by kaplan mentors.
The athletic footwear industry was revolutionzied years ago by the introductioin of expensive products backed by celebrity athlete endorsements and sophisticated brand marketing on radio and television.since then it has been accepted that companies simply cannot compete with thios industry without great deal of media exposure.however,the most popular new brand of athletic footwear in the last year is not advertised on radio and television, and positions its product "half the price -just as good."
The text in bold states that the brand positioned its product "half the price -just as good." instead of marketing like the expensive brand got through media exposure and endorsements. The marketing factor is to be explained here. I dont think (1) addresses that in anyway. It just talks about how similar the product is to the expensive brand.
(2) Non athletes (3) - Doesnt say how it became "popular". (4) Explains the media exposure part - but doesn't ensure marketing like advertisements/ endorsements. (5) Explains the discrepancy, that it actually did only half as good.
Codex Berinensis, a Florentine copy of an ancient roman medical treatise , is undated but contains clues to when it was produced. Its first eighty pages are by a single copyist, but the remaining twenty pages are by three different copyists, which indicates some significant disruption. Since a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a plague that killed many people in florence in 1148, Codex Berinensis was probably produced in that year.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis that Codex Berinensis was produced in 1148?
a) Other than Codex Berinensis, there are no known samples of the handwriting of the first three copyists b) According to the account by the fourth copyist, the plague went on for ten months. c) A scribe would be able to copy a page of text the size and style of Codex Berinensis in a day. d) there was only on outbreak of plague in florence in the 1100s e) The number of pages of Codex Berinensis produced by a single scribe becomes smaller with each successive change of copyist
Country X imposes heavy tariffs on imported manufactured goods. Company Y has determined that it couldincrease its profits in the long term by opening a factory in Country X to manufacture the goods that it currentlyproduces in its home country for sale in Country X.
For Company Ys determination to be true, which of the following assumptions must also be true?
Company Y will be able to obtain all the necessary permits to open a factory in Country X.
Company Y currently produces no goods outside its home country.
A sustainable market for Company Ys goods currently exists in Country X.
Company Ys home country does not impose tariffs on imported goods.
Labor costs in Country X are lower than those in Company Ys home country
Option C .. long term profits can exist only if there is a sustainable demand
Cheers!
Can you post the OA for the yeast and bread leavening question .. also the explanation for sports and athletes question ..
Codex Berinensis, a Florentine copy of an ancient roman medical treatise , is undated but contains clues to when it was produced. Its first eighty pages are by a single copyist, but the remaining twenty pages are by three different copyists, which indicates some significant disruption. Since a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a plague that killed many people in florence in 1148, Codex Berinensis was probably produced in that year.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis that Codex Berinensis was produced in 1148?
d) there was only on outbreak of plague in florence in the 1100s
Country X imposes heavy tariffs on imported manufactured goods. Company Y has determined that it couldincrease its profits in the long term by opening a factory in Country X to manufacture the goods that it currentlyproduces in its home country for sale in Country X.
For Company Ys determination to be true, which of the following assumptions must also be true?
A sustainable market for Company Ys goods currently exists in Country X.
According to a recent research study, more than 90% percent of graduates of private high schools in a certain county continue their education in college. By contrast, only 65% of graduates of public high schools subsequently pursue college education. Therefore, if parents in the county wish to increase the likelihood that their children will attend college, they should send them to private rather than public schools.
Which of the following statements would most seriously weaken the argument above? A)Graduates of private schools typically score higher on standardized tests and other tests of academic achievement. B)While private schools are typically very expensive, attendance of public school is free for the residents of the county. C)In comparison with graduates of private schools, a substantially greater proportion of public school graduates receive need-based financial aid for their college education. D)In comparison with private schools, public schools provide more opportunities for student involvement in sports and other athletic activities, which almost always increase the likelihood of students' acceptance to colleges. E)Since most public schools are located in rural areas of the county populated primarily by farmers, nearly 30% of students from public high schools choose to pursue farming occupations rather than apply to colleges
Found C relevant, D more relevant, and then E again more relevant. Close options.
For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time,relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid,such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll agreater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.
The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions?
-Public non-profit colleges and private non-profit colleges enroll a similar proportion of financially disadvantagedstudents.
-For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal andstate financial aid.
-The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the numberof students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges.
-For-profit colleges are of similar educational quality as non-profit colleges.
-The majority of students at for-profit colleges do not default on repayment of their loans after they completecollege.
Couldnt make much out of the question for the first 2 mins.. Will go with B) If for-profit colleges are usign fraudulent means, it subsequently implies that the students who are getting financial aids/loans are not financially disadvantaged.
For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time,relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid,such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll agreater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.
The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions?
The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the numberof students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges. OA is in bold!!
Could you post the explanation provided if u have.
Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson's poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson's own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson's often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all. Which of the following best summarizes the author's main point?
(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson's early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions. (B) Johnson's use of the dash in his text of Dickinson's poetry misleads readers about the poet's intentions. (C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions. (D) Although Johnson's attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinson's poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness. (E) Dickinson's editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson's handwritten manuscripts.
I am pretty sure the answer as given in the solutions is wrong!! can someone validate my thot process on this question? its qn. 5 from 1000 CR's thanx!
Codex Berinensis, a Florentine copy of an ancient roman medical treatise , is undated but contains clues to when it was produced. Its first eighty pages are by a single copyist, but the remaining twenty pages are by three different copyists, which indicates some significant disruption. Since a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a plague that killed many people in florence in 1148, Codex Berinensis was probably produced in that year.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis that Codex Berinensis was produced in 1148?
d) there was only on outbreak of plague in florence in the 1100s
Country X imposes heavy tariffs on imported manufactured goods. Company Y has determined that it couldincrease its profits in the long term by opening a factory in Country X to manufacture the goods that it currentlyproduces in its home country for sale in Country X.
For Company Ys determination to be true, which of the following assumptions must also be true?
A sustainable market for Company Ys goods currently exists in Country X. OAs are in bold!!
can you explain why is the bold answer correct for the first question. There is no relevance between how many plague outbreaks happened in 1100 s when the year is already mentioned as 1148.
For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time,relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid,such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll agreater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.
The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions?
The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the numberof students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges. OA is in bold!!
I dont think that this is the correct answer........ I will mark B anyday.......
Reason why C seems incorrect to me: The actual number of students recieving aid does not matter at all, we are only concerned about the proportions, not the actual numbers.
Reason why I will go with B: If this statement is true, then the colleges were able to get aid for their students by fraudlent means and not on the basis of the financial situation of the students. This choice tells us that this is not the case and eliminates the alternate explanation.
Can you please cite the source of this question and the subsequent answer.
