🐈 CAT Exam 2020-21 Preparation, Exam Dates, Results & Discussion – PaGaLGuY (Part 1)

MBA CAT 2024
36067

RC Practice - 10th July

In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the  examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Alexander  Frank argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists’ approach to the subject is usually to focus on only one of these forms of  influence to the exclusion of the other. Frank insists on the necessity for sociologists to move  beyond these one-sided approaches to understand society as an entity constructed by  individuals who are at the same time constructed by their society. Frank refers to this  continuous process as “structuring”. Frank also sees history as the result of structuring. People, both individually and as members  of collectives, make history. But our making of history is itself formed and informed not only  by the historical conditions we inherit from the past, but also by the prior formation of our  own identities and capacities, which are shaped by what Frank calls “contingencies”—social  phenomena over which we have varying degrees of control. Contingencies include such  things as the social conditions under which we come of age, the condition of our household’s  economy, the ideologies available to help us make sense of our situation, and accidental  circumstances. The ways in which contingencies affect our individual or group identities  create a structure of forces within which we are able to act, and that partially determines the  sorts of actions we are able to perform. In Frank’s analysis, historical structuring, like social structuring, is manifold and unremitting.  To understand it, historical sociologists must extract from it certain significant episodes, or  events, that their methodology can then analyze and interpret. According to Frank, these  events are points at which action and contingency meet, points that represent a cross section  of the specific social and individual forces in play at a given time. At such moments,  individuals stand forth as agents of history not simply because they possess a unique ability  to act, but also because in them we see the force of the specific social conditions that allowed  their actions to come forth. Individuals can “make their mark” on history, yet in individuals  one also finds the convergence of wider social forces. In order to capture the various facets of  this mutual interaction, Frank recommends a fourfold structure to which he believes the  investigations of historical sociologists should conform: first, description of the event itself;  second, discussion of the social context that helped bring the event about and gave it  significance; third, summary of the life history of the individual agent in the event; and  fourth, analysis of the consequences of the event both for history and for the individual. 

1. Given the passage’s argument, which one of the following sentences most logically  completes the last paragraph? 

(A) By adhering to this structure, Frank believes, historical sociologists will be able to better  portray the complex connections between human agency and history. 

(B) Only if they adhere to this structure, Frank believes, will historical sociologists be able to  counter the standard sociological assumption that there is very little connection between  history and individual agency. 

(C) Unless they can agree to adhere to this structure, Frank believes, historical sociologists  risk having their discipline treated as little more than an interesting but ultimately  indefensible adjunct to history and sociology. 

(D) By adhering to this structure, Frank believes, historical sociologists can shed light on  issues that traditional sociologists have chosen to ignore in their one-sided approaches to the  formation of societies. 

2. The passage states that a contingency could be each of the following EXCEPT: 

(A) a social phenomenon

(B) a form of historical structuring 

(C) a condition controllable to some extent by an individual 

(D) a partial determinant of an individual’s actions 

3. Which one of the following is most analogous to the ideal work of a historical sociologist  as outlined by Frank? 

(A) In a report on the enactment of a bill into law, a journalist explains why the need for the  bill arose, sketches the biography of the principal legislator who wrote the bill, and ponders  the effect that the bill’s enactment will have both one society and on the legislator’s career. 

(B) In a consultation with a patient, a doctor reviews the patient’s medical history, suggests  possible reasons for the patient’s current condition, and recommends steps that the patient  should take in the future to ensure that the condition improves or at least does not get any  worse. 

(C) In an analysis of a historical novel, a critic provides information to support the claim that  details of the work’s setting are accurate, explains why the subject of the novel was of  particular interest to the author, and compares the novel with some of the author’s other  books set in the same period. 

(D) In a presentation to stockholders, a corporation’s chief executive officer describes the  corporations’ most profitable activities during the past year, introduces the vice president  largely responsible for those activities, and discusses new projects the vice president will  initiate in the coming year. 

4. The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to 

(A) outline the merits of Frank’s conception of historical sociology 

(B) convey the details of Frank’s conception of historical sociology 

(C) examine the roles of key terms used in Frank’s conception of historical sociology 

(D) identify the basis of Frank’s conception of historical sociology 

5. Based on the passage, which one of the following is the LEAST illustrative example of the  effect of a contingency upon an individual? 

(A) the effect of the fact that a person experienced political injustice on that person’s decision  to work for political reform 

(B) the effect of the fact that a person was raised in an agricultural region on that person’s  decision to pursue a career in agriculture 

(C) the effect of the fact that a person lives in a particular community on that person’s  decision to visit friends in another community 

(D) the effect of the fact that a person’s parents practiced a particular religion on that person’s  decision to practice that religion 

Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/S3jBTQk_QR4

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RC Practice - 11th July

While African-American literature is well accepted in the United States, there are  numerous views on its significance, traditions, and theories. To the genre's supporters,  African-American literature arose out of the experience of Blacks in the United States,  especially with regards to historic racism and discrimination, and is an attempt to refute  the dominant culture's literature and power. In addition, supporters see the literature  existing both within and outside American literature and as helping to revitalize the  country's writing. To critics, African-American literature is part of a Balkanization of  American literature. In addition, there are some within the African-American  community who do not like how their own literature sometimes showcases Black  people. In broad terms, African-American literature can be defined as writings by people of  African descent living in the United States. It is highly varied. African-American  literature has generally focused on the role of African Americans within the larger  American society and what it means to be an American. Among the themes and issues  explored in this literature are the role of African Americans within the larger American  society, African-American culture, racism, slavery, and social equality. African-American  writing has tended to incorporate oral forms, such as spirituals, sermons, gospel music,  blues, or rap. One of the most prominent scholars of African-American literature is Jean Wagner. Jean  Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as secular, frame of reference. The  appropriateness of such an approach may seem self-evident for a tradition commencing  with spirituals and owing its early forms, rhythms, vocabulary, and evangelical fervor to  Wesleyan hymnals. But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry  solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field. It is Wagner who first demonstrated the essential fusion of racial and religious feeling in  Afro-American poetry. The two, he argued, form a symbiotic union in which religious  feelings are often applied to racial issues and racial problems are often projected onto a  metaphysical plane. Wagner found this most eloquently illustrated in the Black spiritual,  where the desire for freedom in this world and the hope for salvation in the next are  inextricably intertwined. 

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 

(A) introduce African-American literature and Jean Wagner’s influence on the same 

(B) document the influence of Jean Wagner on the evolution of Afro-American poetry 

(C) explain the relevance of Jean Wagner’s work to the study of Afro-American religion 

(D) indicate the importance of Jean Wagner’s analysis of Afro-American poetry 

2. All of the following aspects of Afro-American poetry are referred to in the passage as  having been influenced by Wesleyan hymnals EXCEPT: 

(A) subject matter 

(B) word choice 

(C) structure 

(D) tone

3. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Wagner, most students of Afro-American poetry did which of the following? 

(A) Contributed appreciably to the transfer of political protest from Afro-American  poetry to direct political action. 

(B) Ignored at least some of the historical roots of Afro-American poetry. 

(C) Analyzed fully the aspects of social protest to be found in such traditional forms of  Afro-American poetry as the Black spiritual. 

(D) Regarded as unimportant the development of fervent emotionalism in a portion of  Afro-American poetry. 

4. According to the author, all but which of the following is true of Afro-American  literature? 

(A) It is at once a part of and independent of American literature 

(B) Not all the members of the community that it represents empathize with it (C) It is formed primarily of Blacks’ experiences in America in times of slavery 

(D) It is sometimes seen as a confrontation to American literature 

5. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the author’s central argument? (A) The poetry produced by Afro-American poets had long been viewed in context of  Blacks’ religious experiences even before Wagner. 

(B) The religious elements in the Afro-American literature are exceptional to a few  prominent poets, rather than all. 

(C) Racism was a predominant theme in most of the Afro-American poetry 

(D) Even the American community concedes that the Blacks’ experiences in the US were  primarily formed out of their religious affiliations 

Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/zmQkIzGLKWg

36075

Throwaway account here, and I wanted to discuss something important.


This thing applies mainly to people who find themself preparing for CAT alone, maybe because they are towards the older side of the test takers, or maybe because all their friends left to pursue higher education in foreign colleges, or maybe because all your friends joined MBA colleges this year itself, leaving you behind.


I was one of the above people last year, and preparing alone till July was taking a toll. I had nobody to talk to after a bad mock who could give me hope again, nobody to discuss new strategies with, and quite frankly nobody to feel happy for when they scored well, and nobody who felt happy for me when I scored well. Add to this the general loneliness which came with the lockdown and an insurmountable office workload, and things started looking unbearable very fast.


Let me also say at this point, if you don't feel alone in this journey, I am happy for you and you can stop reading this post at this point and save your time. If not, read on.


The road to CAT is still a few months long, and my only advice to people who associate with anything I said above is to reach out; reach out to people in the mock threads of this wonderful platform. However, what I experienced last year was that the people who were already doing great in mocks (99.5+) were usually hesitant and non-responsive when I approached them in the DMs or comments. Please note this was only my experience, and is not true for all high percentilers you find on mock threads.


I was scoring in the 96-98 range every mock, and I needed someone with whom I could start to breach the 99 mark. What worked eventually was messaging someone in a similar score range as me, and asking them about how they were going about improving in each section.


The thing is, when you prepare for this exam with a person at a similar level as you, and a person with the same hunger as you to succeed, the results can be surprising, and you may end up surpassing your own expectations. You are both able to feel happy for each other's successes and able to relate with each other's failures. You are both able to give relevant advice and tips to each other, as you are both facing similar problems.


If lucky, you might even make a good friend, and end up preparing with them for the GDPI stage too, like I did.


As I complete my first week at a top college (one out of ABC), I can only say I am indebted to that person I met through this platform, and I am also grateful for this platform which gave me a chance to interact with a person at a similar level as me. I am also forever thankful that I decided to reach out, and ask for help, and ask for company on that one fateful day 1 year back. So my friend, reach out, you may be preparing alone now, but it doesn't have to be that way till November end.



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RC Practice - 12th July

The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was  European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in  particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had  converted much of the forests to successfully cultivated stands, especially by means of burning.  Nevertheless, some researchers have maintained that the extent, frequency, and impact of such burning was  minimal. One geographer claims that climatic change could have accounted for some of the changes in  forest composition; another argues that burning by native populations was done only sporadically, to  augment the effects of natural fires. However, a large body of evidence for the routine practice of burning exists in the geographical record. One  group of researchers found, for example, that sedimentary charcoal accumulations in what is now the  northeastern United States are greatest where known native American settlements were greatest. Other  evidence shows that, while the characteristics and impact of fires set by native populations varied regionally  according to population size, extent of resource management techniques, and environment, all such fires had  markedly different effects on vegetation pattern than did natural fires. Controlled burning created grassy  openings such as meadows and glades. Burning also promoted a mosaic quality to North and South  American ecosystems, creating forests in many different stages of ecological development. Much of the  mature forestland was characterized by open herbaceous undergrowth, another result of the clearing brought  about by burning. In North America, controlled burning created conditions favourable to berries and other fire-tolerant and  sun-loving foods. Burning also converted mixed stands of trees to homogeneous forest, for example the  longleaf, slash pine, and scrub oak forests of the southeastern U.S. Natural fires do account for some of this  vegetation, but regular burning clearly extended and maintained it. Burning also influenced forest  composition in the tropics, where natural fires are rare. An example is the pine-dominant forests of  Nicaragua, where warm temperatures and heavy rainfall naturally favor mixed tropical or rain forests. While  they primarily grow in cooler, drier, higher elevations, regions where such vegetation is in large part natural  and even prehumen, today, the Nicaraguan pines also occur where there has been clearing followed by  regular burning, and the same is likely to have occurred in the past: such forests were present when  Europeans arrived and were found only in areas where native settlements were substantial; when these  settlements were abandoned, the land returned to mixed hardwoods. This succession is also evident  elsewhere in similar low tropical elevations in the Caribbean and Mexico. 1. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage? 

(A) Despite extensive evidence that native populations had been burning North and South American forests  extensively before 1492, some scholars persist in claiming that such burning was either infrequent or the  result of natural causes. (B) In opposition to the widespread belief that in 1492 the Western hemisphere was uncultivated, scholars  unanimously agree that naive population were substantially altering North and South American forests well  before the arrival of Europeans. 

(C) Although some scholars minimize the scope and importance of the burning of forests engaged in by  native populations of North and South American before 1492, evidence of the frequency and impact of such  burning is actually quite extensive. 

(D) Where scholars had once believed that North and South American forests remained uncultivated until  the arrival of Europeans, there is now general agreement that native populations had been cultivating the  forests since well before 1492. 

2. It can be inferred that a forest burned as described in the passage would have been LEAST likely to  display 

(A) numerous types of hardwood trees 

(B) extensive herbaceous undergrowth 

(C) various stages of ecological maturity 

(D) grassy opening such as meadows or glades

3. The “succession” mentioned in last line refers to 

(A) forest clearing followed by controlled burning of forests 

(B) tropical rain forest followed by pine forest 

(C) European settlement followed by abandonment of land 

(D) homogeneous pine forest followed by mixed hardwoods 

4. Which one of the following is presented by the author as evidence of controlled burning in the tropics  before the arrival of Europeans? 

(A) extensive homogeneous forests at high elevation 

(B) extensive homogeneous forests at low elevation 

(C) extensive heterogeneous forests at high elevation 

(D) extensive sedimentary charcoal accumulations at high elevation 

5. With which one of the following would the author be most likely to agree? 

(A) The long-term effects of controlled burning could just as easily have been caused by natural fires. 

(B) Nicaraguan pine forests could have been created either by natural fires or by controlled burning. 

(C) European settlers had little impact on the composition of the ecosystems in North and South America. 

(D) Certain species of plants may not have been as abundant in North America without controlled burning. 

6. As evidence for the routine practice of forest burning by native populations before the arrival of  Europeans, the author cites all of the following EXCEPT: 

(A) The similar characteristics of fires in different regions. 

(B) The simultaneous presence of forests at varying stages of maturity 

(C) The existence of herbaceous undergrowth in certain forests 

(D) The heavy accumulation of charcoal near populous settlements 

Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/kwMAfmqAvyA

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A shopkeeper claims to sell his items at a loss of 10%. But instead he secretly makes a profit of 20% by using a false weight. What is the effective profit percentage he gets on every 100 gm that he sells. A. 8% B. 10% C. 12.5% D. none of these

36085

Continuing on with the publishing of the interview experiences that I have crowdsourced and thanks to all who have contributed to it. Here are the questions from another set of interviews from CAP.  - https://www.rgcareerconsultants.ml/

Do subscribe to the blog if you feel the blog is worth subscribing for. Just enter your email and verify the link on your email to subscribe. And if not, at least a positive comment goes a long way. Suggestions always welcome !!!

Also, do follow the Linkedin page (https://www.linkedin.com/company/rg-career-consultants) to get details about such posts and much more !!!

36086

In a horse racing championship, six people A, B, C, D, E, F placed bets on seven horses as per the following table. Further the following information is available: 1. Every horse was bet upon correctly by at least 1 person and 2. No two persons had the same number of correct bets. 3. No person got all seven bets correct. The Betting Matrix below shows the bets placed for each position by each of the six people.