Friends, got a call from SIBM with 143.5 marks. Date is 5th Feb. I stay at Anantapur so no coaching facility. I'm desperate to convert it. Can anyone help me with G.D topics, and if possible some material please??

Hi guys. I didn't take the print out of my scorecard (being in a shock, with 94.84 percentile). Now that they say the catiim site has broken down, how can I get my score card? Please help me puys, I'm desperately in need of it.

PASSAGE-48
My take
1.A
2.C
3.C
4.E
took 14 minutes.For me it seemed quite convoluted, still didn't get the complete picture.

PASSAGE-47
My answers
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. E
5. E
Took 18 minutes. Hope I would increase my reading speed.

O.A to PASSAGE 46


1.Choice (4)
The passage examines the different aspects that go into the makeup of a scientific tradition, and the manner in which these are sometimes related to, sometimes independent of, each other.
Choice 1 appears to be right but the author goes beyond the relationship to try to understand the scientific tradition.
Choice 2 is inappropriate the discussion on how a historian would isolate a particular loci is only to explain how the relationships can be discovered or understood.
Choice 3 is inappropriate the discussion on the extent of shared beliefs presents only one of the aspects of the scientific tradition.
Choice 4 is appropriate para 2 shows the author trying to understand a scientific tradition. The last sentence of para 2 and the first two sentences of para 3 show that even out of frustration same understanding may be achieved.
Choice 5 is inappropriate the frustration, as opined by the author is in attempting to search for sets of rules.

2.Choice (3)
In paragraph 1 the author examines the isolation of the particular loci with reference to a given specialty. He also explains what he considers would be the paradigms of this specialty (or corresponding community mature community ) and that these can be identified without much difficulty. These paradigms are then to be compared so as to determine which of them are broadly accepted in the community.
Choice 1 and 2 are inappropriate the reference in the passage is not to groups of scientists in one or more research laboratories, but to the shared beliefs of scientists of a common specialty.
Choice 3 is correct it reflects the idea discussed above.
Choice 4 and 5 are inappropriate the reference in the passage is not to global trends or evolving trends, but to the shared beliefs of scientists of a common specialty.


3.Choice (5)
Choice 1 is inappropriate it is seen from the last paragraph paradigms guide scientific research, they do not define a tradition. Definition, or establishment of firm parameters, would amount to rules.
Choice 2 is inappropriate paragraph 2 indicates how rules may sometimes be abstracted from paradigms, to be used in research. Whether the research would benefit as a result is not indicated. Thereafter, the last paragraph indicates that the lack of rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research.
Choice 3 is inappropriate the passage does not indicate that the acceptance of a tradition by renowned scientists is a prerequisite for the emergence of a paradigm. What it indicates is that scientists may sometimes accept the ideas of more renowned scientists as composites of their paradigms.
Choice 4 is inappropriate there is no reference to or indication of different isolation mechanisms to be chosen from.
Choice 5 is correct It is clear from the passage that paradigms are sets of commonly shared beliefs. Paragraph 2 (in the lines explaining that rules can be abstracted from paradigms) shows that paradigms represent those views from which rules may be drawn.

Its a CAT 2007 paragraph.

sorry for spamming. I goofed due to inexperience.

sorry for spamming. I goofed due to inexperience

PASSAGE-46

To discover the relation between rules, paradigms, and normal science, consider first how the historian isolates the particular loci of commitment that have been described as accepted rules. Close historical investigation of a given specialty at a given time discloses a set of recurrent and quasi-standard illustrations of various theories in their conceptual, observational, and instrumental applications. These are the community's paradigms, revealed in its textbooks, lecturers, and laboratory exercises. By studying them and by practicing with them, the members of the corresponding community learn their trade. The historian, of course, will discover in addition a penumbral area occupied by achievements whose status is still in doubt, but the core of solved problems and techniques will usually be clear. Despite occasional ambiguities, the paradigms of a mature scientific community can be determined with relative ease.

That demands a second step and one of a somewhat different kind. When undertaking it, the historian must compare the community's paradigms with each other and with its current research reports. In doing so, his object is to discover what isolable elements, explicit or implicit, the members of that community may have abstracted from their more global paradigms and deploy it as rules in their research. Anyone who has attempted to describe or analyze the evolution of a particular scientific tradition will necessarily have sought accepted principles and rules of this sort. Almost certainly, he will have met with at least partial success. But, if his experience has been at all like my own, he will have found the search for rules both more difficult and less satisfying than the search for paradigms. Some of the generalizations he employs to describe the community's shared beliefs will present more problems. Others, however, will seem a shade too strong. Phrased in just that way, or in any other way he can imagine, they would almost certainly have been rejected by some members of the group he studies. Nevertheless, if the coherence of the research tradition is to be understood in terms of rules, some specification of common ground in the corresponding area is needed. As a result, the search for a body of rules competent to constitute a given normal research tradition becomes a source of continual and deep frustration.

Recognizing that frustration, however, makes it possible to diagnose its source. Scientists can agree that a Newton, Lavoisier, Maxwell, or Einstein has produced an apparently permanent solution to a group of outstanding problems and still disagree, sometimes without being aware of it, about the particular abstract characteristics that make those solutions permanent. They can, that is, agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it. Lack of standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research. Normal science can be determined in part by the direct inspection of paradigms, a process that is often aided by but does not depend upon the formulation of rules and assumption. Indeed, the existence of a paradigm need not even imply that any full set of rules exists.

1. What is author attempting to illustrate through this passage?

(1) Relationships between rules, paradigms, and normal science
(2) How a historian would isolate a particular 'loci of commitment'
(3) How a set of shared beliefs evolves into a paradigm
(4) Ways of understanding a scientific tradition
(5) The frustrations of attempting to define a paradigm of a tradition


2. The term 'loci of commitment' as used in the passage would most likely correspond with which of the following?

(1) Loyalty between a group of scientists in a research laboratory
(2) Loyalty between group of scientist across research laboratories
(3) Loyalty to a certain paradigm of scientific inquiry
(4) Loyalty to global patterns of scientific inquiry
(5) Loyalty to evolving trends of scientific inquiry


3. The author of this passage is likely to agree with which of the following?

(1) Paradigms almost entirely define a scientific tradition.
(2) A group of scientists investigating a phenomenon would benefit by defining a set of rules.
(3) Acceptance by the giants of a tradition is a sine qua non for a paradigm to emerge.
(4) Choice of isolation mechanism determines the type of paradigm that may emerge from a tradition.
(5) Paradigms are a general representation of rules and beliefs of a scientific tradition.

P.S: will surely post the O.A tomorrow. Don't fear since I'm a newbie.

How many natural numbers less than 200, when squared and divided by 24 give remainder 1?
1. 68
2. 67
3. 69
4. 66
can somebody explain it please, I'm not satisfied with the solution at me. Will post the O.A soon.