Guys, please try out this one. A sweet, short and easy to understand RC yet with some tricky questions.

Please post your answers and the second best answers/ GMAT trying to trick answers up. This is to enable gmat takers in the future to avoid such pitfalls.

My Take for the RC:

1) C
2) B
3) B/E
4) E
5) E
6) A


Regards,
Neha

Guys, please try out this one. A sweet, short and easy to understand RC yet with some tricky questions.

Please post your answers and the second best answers/ GMAT trying to trick answers up. This is to enable gmat takers in the future to avoid such pitfalls.


The fact that superior service can generate a competitive advantage for a company does not mean that every attempt at improving service will create such advantage. Investment in service, like those in production and distribution, must be balanced against other types of investments on the basis of direct, tangible benefits such as cost reduction and increased revenues. If a company is already effectively on a par with its competitors because it provides service that avoids a damaging reputation and keeps customers from leaving at an unacceptable rate, then investment in higher service levels may be wasted, since service is a deciding factor for customers only in extreme situations.

This truth was not apparent to managers of one regional bank, which failed to improve its competitive position despite its investment in reducing the time a customer had to wait for a teller. The bank managers did not recognize the level of customer inertia in the customer banking industry that arises from the inconvenience of switching banks. Nor did they analyze their service improvement to determine whether it would attract new customers by producing a new standard of service that would excite customers or by proving difficult for competitors to copy. The only merit of the improvement was that it could easily be described to customers.

1.) The primary purpose of the passage is to
a. Contrast possible outcomes of a type of business investment
b. Suggest more careful evaluation of a type of business investment
c. Illustrate various ways in which a type of business investment could fail to enhance revenues
d. Trace the general problems of a company to a certain type of business investment
e. Criticize the way in which managers tend to analyze the costs and benefits of business investments

2.) According to the passage, investment in service are comparable to investment in production and distribution in terms of the
a. Tangibility of the benefits that they tend to confer
b. Increased revenues that they ultimately produce
c. Basis on which they need to be weighed
d. Insufficient analysis that managers devote to them
e. Degree of competitive advantage that they are likely to provide

3.) The passage suggests which of the following about service provided by the regional bank prior to its investment in enhancing that service?
a. It enabled the bank to retain customers at an acceptable rate.
b. It threatened to weaker the banks competitive position with respect to other regional banks.
c. It had already been improved after having caused damage to the banks reputation in the past.
d. It was slightly superior to that of the banks regional competitors.
e. It needed to be improved to attain parity with the service provided by competing
banks.

4.) The passage suggests that bank managers failed to consider whether or not the service improvement mentioned in the beginning of the second paragraph
a. Was too complicated to be easily described to prospective customers
b. Made a measurable change in the experiences of customers in the banks offices.
c. Could be sustained if the number of customers increased significantly
d. Was an innovation that competing banks could have imitated
e. Was adequate to bring the banks general level of service to a level that was comparable with that of its competitors.

5.) The discussion of the regional bank in the second paragraph serves which of the following functions within the passage as a whole?
a. It describes an exceptional case in which investment in service actually failed to produce a competitive advantage
b. It illustrates the pitfalls of choosing to invest in service at a time when investment is needed more urgently in another area
c. It demonstrates the kind of analysis that managers apply when they choose one kind of service investment over another.
d. It supports the argument that investments in certain aspects of service are more advantageous than investments in other aspects of service
e. It provides an example of the point about investment in service made in the first paragraph

6.) The author uses the word only in the last sentence most likely in order to
a. Highlight the oddity of the service improvement
b. Emphasize the relatively low value of the investment in service improvement
c. Distinguish the primary attribute of the service improvement from secondary attributes
d. Single out a certain merit of the service improvement from other merits
e. Point out the limited duration of the actual service improvement.

OA will be posted within 12-24 hours and please rate the difficulty of this whole RC 1-5. Thanks (questions and essay wise)

g_s_dhanoa007 Says

the same proble is being faced ....same as that mentioened above ...jai praqas

What should be done then?
Time is less and RC and VA are mammoth tasks to achieve.
Seniors we need your help and guidance...
PLEASE

:

the same proble is being faced ....same as that mentioened above ...jai praqas

Hi Anshuman,

It is true that there is a lot of difference between paper and computer based exams. You do need to have a good feel of computer based test taking before the D-day.

All the same, you might be hard pressed to find sufficient good practice material in soft form. I recommend you to get the concepts clear on the paper, take some practice tests on paper as well, but ensure that you take sufficient full-length practice GMAT's on computer before taking the actual exam.

I've been solving sample papers. even then my accuracy level in RC has not increased up to a satisfactory level. What should i do? VA is one of my weeknesses............

PUYs guide me please.......:splat:

Hi to all
I have just joined in the gmat forum..........would like to know that is it prudent to practice gmat questns only in a system rather than hard copies........as i guess both are very different say a online exam vs a written multiple choice questn exms.......finally the time factor will play a major role,as i cannot skip a questn in gmat unlike in other written exms which are not online..........
Feeedback???

Hi Anshuman,

It is true that there is a lot of difference between paper and computer based exams. You do need to have a good feel of computer based test taking before the D-day.

All the same, you might be hard pressed to find sufficient good practice material in soft form. I recommend you to get the concepts clear on the paper, take some practice tests on paper as well, but ensure that you take sufficient full-length practice GMAT's on computer before taking the actual exam.

Hi to all
I have just joined in the gmat forum..........would like to know that is it prudent to practice gmat questns only in a system rather than hard copies........as i guess both are very different say a online exam vs a written multiple choice questn exms.......finally the time factor will play a major role,as i cannot skip a questn in gmat unlike in other written exms which are not online..........
Feeedback???

Hi All,

Can someone please tell approx. how much score is required for one year MBA courses such as. if possible can some one please tell college wise.
a) IIM Ahmedabad.
b) IIM Bangalore
c) IIM Lucknow
d) ISB
e) IIM Indore
f) IIM Calcutta
g) XLRI
h) Great Lakes.

@ami_goel
I suggest you post this as a separate thread on the "GMAT and related discussions forum".

Linda Kerber argued in the mid-1980s that after the American Revolution (1775-1783), an ideology of republican motherhood resulted in a surge of educational opportunities for women in the United States. Kerber maintained that the leaders of the new nation wanted women to be educated in order to raise politically virtuous sons. A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to the success of the countrys republican form of government; virtue was to be instilled not only by churches and schools, but by families, where the mothers role was crucial. Thus, according to Kerber, motherhood became pivotal to the fate of the republic, providing justification for an unprecedented attention to female education.
Introduction of the republican motherhood thesis dramatically changed historiography. Prior to Kerbers work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls; Thomas Woodys 1929 work is the notable exception. Examining newspaper advertisements for academies, Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750. Pointing to An Essay on Woman (1753) as reflecting
a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution. Woodys evidence challenges the notion that the Revolution changed attitudes regarding female education, although it may have accelerated earlier trends. Historians reliance on Kerbers republican motherhood thesis may have obscured the presence of these trends, making it difficult to determine to what extent the Revolution really changed womens lives.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question:


According to the passage, within the field of educational history, Thomas Woodys 1929 work was

A. innovative because it relied on newspaper advertisements as evidence
B. exceptional in that it concentrated on the period before the American Revolution
C. unusual in that it focused on educational attitudes rather than on educational practices
D. controversial in its claims regarding educational opportunities for boys
E. atypical in that it examined the education of girls

IMO "E". Here is my reasoning:

A. Irrelevant
B. The very sentence "Prior to Kerbers work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls..." makes this unexceptional.
C. Irrelevant
D. Irrelevant. No scent of controversy anywhere.
E. CORRECT. Atypical is synonymous to "is an exception". According to the sentence, Woody's work is an exception because unlike others, he focused on education for women and girls.

Hi All,

Can someone please tell approx. how much score is required for one year MBA courses such as. if possible can some one please tell college wise.
a) IIM Ahmedabad.
b) IIM Bangalore
c) IIM Lucknow
d) ISB
e) IIM Indore
f) IIM Calcutta
g) XLRI
h) Great Lakes.

I do not understand how it can be E as there is nothing really in the passage that states that the work was abnormal, unusual, or atypical.

In other words, in order for E to be the correct answer, there must be some level at which the passage states that Woody's work was atypical. Instead, the passage simply states that it challenged the status quo (as opposed to simply examining a field rarely examined).

B & E are pretty close....

"Prior to Kerber's work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls; Thomas Woody's 1929 work is the notable exception"

Thomas Woody's work is an exception because prior to Kerber's work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls...

IMO "E" because it is more specific...

Linda Kerber argued in the mid-1980s that after the American Revolution (1775-1783), an ideology of republican motherhood resulted in a surge of educational opportunities for women in the United States. Kerber maintained that the leaders of the new nation wanted women to be educated in order to raise politically virtuous sons. A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to the success of the countrys republican form of government; virtue was to be instilled not only by churches and schools, but by families, where the mothers role was crucial. Thus, according to Kerber, motherhood became pivotal to the fate of the republic, providing justification for an unprecedented attention to female education.
Introduction of the republican motherhood thesis dramatically changed historiography. Prior to Kerbers work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls; Thomas Woodys 1929 work is the notable exception. Examining newspaper advertisements for academies, Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750. Pointing to An Essay on Woman (1753) as reflecting
a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution. Woodys evidence challenges the notion that the Revolution changed attitudes regarding female education, although it may have accelerated earlier trends. Historians reliance on Kerbers republican motherhood thesis may have obscured the presence of these trends, making it difficult to determine to what extent the Revolution really changed womens lives.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question:


According to the passage, within the field of educational history, Thomas Woodys 1929 work was

A. innovative because it relied on newspaper advertisements as evidence
B. exceptional in that it concentrated on the period before the American Revolution
C. unusual in that it focused on educational attitudes rather than on educational practices
D. controversial in its claims regarding educational opportunities for boys
E. atypical in that it examined the education of girls

I do not understand how it can be E as there is nothing really in the passage that states that the work was abnormal, unusual, or atypical.

In other words, in order for E to be the correct answer, there must be some level at which the passage states that Woody's work was atypical. Instead, the passage simply states that it challenged the status quo (as opposed to simply examining a field rarely examined).

i love this thread........something that i had been searching for a long time...

IMO: E
I am scratchy on this one.

A - nothing suggests or makes us infer that the evidence was innovative.
B - it was an exception because others talked about ed for boys. It was not exceptional because it went back to ARev period.
C- No mention in the passage about diff in practice vs attitude.
D-Talks about girls, not boys.
E- Seems most relevant. As most of the studies concentrated on boys, and Woody's was an exception.

OA please.

OA is E indeed!

But I was confused between B and E. But I missed that it was exceptional not for concentrating on b4 revolution.

Thanks for the answers!

Linda Kerber argued in the mid-1980s that after the American Revolution (1775-1783), an ideology of republican motherhood resulted in a surge of educational opportunities for women in the United States. Kerber maintained that the leaders of the new nation wanted women to be educated in order to raise politically virtuous sons. A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to the success of the countrys republican form of government; virtue was to be instilled not only by churches and schools, but by families, where the mothers role was crucial. Thus, according to Kerber, motherhood became pivotal to the fate of the republic, providing justification for an unprecedented attention to female education.
Introduction of the republican motherhood thesis dramatically changed historiography. Prior to Kerbers work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls; Thomas Woodys 1929 work is the notable exception. Examining newspaper advertisements for academies, Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750. Pointing to An Essay on Woman (1753) as reflecting
a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution. Woodys evidence challenges the notion that the Revolution changed attitudes regarding female education, although it may have accelerated earlier trends. Historians reliance on Kerbers republican motherhood thesis may have obscured the presence of these trends, making it difficult to determine to what extent the Revolution really changed womens lives.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question:


According to the passage, within the field of educational history, Thomas Woodys 1929 work was

A. innovative because it relied on newspaper advertisements as evidence
B. exceptional in that it concentrated on the period before the American Revolution
C. unusual in that it focused on educational attitudes rather than on educational practices
D. controversial in its claims regarding educational opportunities for boys
E. atypical in that it examined the education of girls

IMO: E
I am scratchy on this one.

A - nothing suggests or makes us infer that the evidence was innovative.
B - it was an exception because others talked about ed for boys. It was not exceptional because it went back to ARev period.
C- No mention in the passage about diff in practice vs attitude.
D-Talks about girls, not boys.
E- Seems most relevant. As most of the studies concentrated on boys, and Woody's was an exception.

OA please.

I will go with option C for the above RC.

Linda Kerber argued in the mid-1980's that after the American Revolution (1775-1783), an ideology of "republican motherhood" resulted in a surge of educational opportunities for women in the United States. Kerber maintained that the leaders of the new nation wanted women to be educated in order to raise politically virtuous sons. A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to the success of the country's republican form of government; virtue was to be instilled not only by churches and schools, but by families, where the mother's role was crucial. Thus, according to Kerber, motherhood became pivotal to the fate of the republic, providing justification for an unprecedented attention to female education.
Introduction of the republican motherhood thesis dramatically changed historiography. Prior to Kerber's work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls; Thomas Woody's 1929 work is the notable exception. Examining newspaper advertisements for academies, Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750. Pointing to "An Essay on Woman" (1753) as reflecting
a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution. Woody's evidence challenges the notion that the Revolution changed attitudes regarding female education, although it may have accelerated earlier trends. Historians' reliance on Kerber's "republican motherhood" thesis may have obscured the presence of these trends, making it difficult to determine to what extent the Revolution really changed women's lives.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question:


According to the passage, within the field of educational history, Thomas Woody's 1929 work was

A.innovative because it relied on newspaper advertisements as evidence
B.exceptional in that it concentrated on the period before the American Revolution
C.unusual in that it focused on educational attitudes rather than on educational practices
D.controversial in its claims regarding educational opportunities for boys
E.atypical in that it examined the education of girls

kapilkalra85 Says

hey guys.. i gave two tests of gprep and one of powerprep..and scored 650 in all three.. where can i xpext my actual score... sc is hurting me most........could nyone guide me

kapilkalra85,
gmatprep has been considered as the closest to the actual gmat in providing your score range. Having said that, there are a lot of scenarios where people have exceeded it and fell way behind, equally likely. It all matters your frame of mind and how you do things on the G day.

Anyways, if SC is hurting you the most, get hold of Manhattan SC guide and do it end to end. If you did that already, then do it again. If not, then surely you have a confidence issue too...which will require practice and more practice.

SC is one the easiest of verbal to fix. Do NOT trust your ear. If it sounds good, it does not mean its right. A few GMAC rules, and methods...get a grip of them and you will be in good shape. CR and RCs are tougher to fix, IMO.

Good Luck.

hey guys.. i gave two tests of gprep and one of powerprep..and scored 650 in all three.. where can i xpext my actual score... sc is hurting me most........could nyone guide me

Thanks for the reply!
But there A is also explicitly stated in line 10:

However, anthropologist
(10) Shepard Krech points out that large
animal species vanished even in areas
where there is no evidence to demon-
strate that Paleoindians hunted them

Why do you think A could not be the one ?

The question is about Martin's theory, and the above mentioned text talks about Shepard Kerch's point of view.

More over he just excluded in his analysis. Does that mean, he denied it?

Martins exclusion of
climatic change as an explanation by

Lines 5 -10 explicitly state that Martin thinks Human arrival is responsible. And in his theory he excluded the climate factor completely. Therefore it is safe to deduce that his theory denies the role of climatic conditions.

More over he just excluded in his analysis. Does that mean, he denied it?

Martin's exclusion of
climatic change as an explanation by

Thanks for the reply!
But there A is also explicitly stated in line 10:

However, anthropologist
(10) Shepard Krech points out that large
animal species vanished even in areas
where there is no evidence to demon-
strate that Paleoindians hunted them

Why do you think A could not be the one ?

Could you anyone help me solve this?

According to a theory advanced
by researcher Paul Martin, the wave
of species extinctions that occurred
Line in North America about 11,000 years
(5) ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,
can be directly attributed to the arrival
of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who
were ancestors of modern Native
Americans. However, anthropologist
(10) Shepard Krech points out that large
animal species vanished even in areas
where there is no evidence to demon-
strate that Paleoindians hunted them.
Nor were extinctions confined to large
(15) animals: small animals, plants, and
insects disappeared, presumably not
all through human consumption. Krech
also contradicts Martins exclusion of
climatic change as an explanation by
(20) asserting that widespread climatic
change did indeed occur at the end of
the Pleistocene. Still, Krech attributes
secondary if not primary responsibility
for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,
(25) arguing that humans have produced
local extinctions elsewhere. But,
according to historian Richard White,
even the attribution of secondary
responsibility may not be supported
(30) by the evidence. White observes that
Martins thesis depends on coinciding
dates for the arrival of humans and the
decline of large animal species, and
Krech, though aware that the dates
(35) are controversial, does not challenge
them; yet recent archaeological
discoveries are providing evidence
that the date of human arrival was
much earlier than 11,000 years ago.


Question:
Which of the following is true about Martins theory, as that theory is described in the passage?
A. It assumes that the Paleoindians were primarily dependent on hunting for survival.
B. It denies that the Pleistocene species extinctions were caused by climate change.
C. It uses as evidence the fact that humans have produced local extinctions in other situations.
D. It attempts to address the controversy over the date of human arrival in North America.
E. It admits the possibility that factors other than the arrival of humans played a role in the Pleistocene extinctions.

IMO: B

Reason highlighted in the passage.
A is a close contender, but it is not explicitly stated in the passage. And the question clearly states..."as described in the passage"...so A is ruled out. Other choices are irrelevant.

Could you anyone help me solve this?

According to a theory advanced
by researcher Paul Martin, the wave
of species extinctions that occurred
Line in North America about 11,000 years
(5) ago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,
can be directly attributed to the arrival
of humans, i.e., the Paleoindians, who
were ancestors of modern Native
Americans. However, anthropologist
(10) Shepard Krech points out that large
animal species vanished even in areas
where there is no evidence to demon-
strate that Paleoindians hunted them.
Nor were extinctions confined to large
(15) animals: small animals, plants, and
insects disappeared, presumably not
all through human consumption. Krech
also contradicts Martins exclusion of
climatic change as an explanation by
(20) asserting that widespread climatic
change did indeed occur at the end of
the Pleistocene. Still, Krech attributes
secondary if not primary responsibility
for the extinctions to the Paleoindians,
(25) arguing that humans have produced
local extinctions elsewhere. But,
according to historian Richard White,
even the attribution of secondary
responsibility may not be supported
(30) by the evidence. White observes that
Martins thesis depends on coinciding
dates for the arrival of humans and the
decline of large animal species, and
Krech, though aware that the dates
(35) are controversial, does not challenge
them; yet recent archaeological
discoveries are providing evidence
that the date of human arrival was
much earlier than 11,000 years ago.


Question:
Which of the following is true about Martins theory, as that theory is described in the passage?
A. It assumes that the Paleoindians were primarily dependent on hunting for survival.
B. It denies that the Pleistocene species extinctions were caused by climate change.
C. It uses as evidence the fact that humans have produced local extinctions in other situations.
D. It attempts to address the controversy over the date of human arrival in North America.
E. It admits the possibility that factors other than the arrival of humans played a role in the Pleistocene extinctions.

Hey puys!!! why dis thread is left dead??? lets not forget dat RC forms an equally important part of verb as SC & CR do.. so come up wid some toughies puys.

Cheers.

wrong post

Hi pls solve the following questions


Behavior is one of two general responses available to endothermic (endothermic: adj. 吸热 ( 性 ) 的 ,[ 动 ] 温血的 ) (warm-blooded) species for the regulation of body temperature, the other being innate (reflexive) mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. Human beings rely primarily on the first to provide a hospitable thermal microclimate (microclimate: n.[ 气 ] 小气候 ( 指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候 )) for themselves, in which the transfer of heat between the body and the environment is accomplished with minimal involvement of innate mechanisms of heat production and loss. Thermoregulatory (thermoregulatory: adj. 体温调节的 , 保持 ( 一定 ) 体温的 ) behavior anticipates hyperthermia, and the organism adjusts its behavior to avoid becoming hyperthermic: it removes layers of clothing, it goes for a cool swim, etc. The organism can also respond to changes in the temperature of the body core, as is the case during exercise; but such responses result from the direct stimulation of thermoreceptors distributed widely within the central nervous system (central nervous system: n. 中枢神经系统 ) , and the ability of these mechanisms to help the organism adjust to gross changes in its environment is limited.
Until recently it was assumed that organisms respond to microwave radiation in the same way that they respond to temperature changes caused by other forms of radiation. After all, the argument runs, microwaves are radiation and heat body tissues. This theory ignores the fact that the stimulus to a behavioral response is normally a temperature change that occurs at the surface of the organism. The thermoreceptors that prompt behavioral changes are located within the first millimeter of the skins surface, but the energy of a microwave field (microwave field: 超高频场 , 微波场 ) may be selectively deposited in deep tissues, effectively bypassing these thermoreceptors, particularly if the field is at near-resonant frequencies. The resulting temperature profile (temperature profile: 温度曲线图 , 温度轮廓 ) may well be a kind of reverse thermal gradient in which the deep tissues are warmed more than those of the surface. Since the heat is not conducted outward to the surface to stimulate the appropriate receptors, the organism does not appreciate this stimulation in the same way that it appreciates heating and cooling of the skin. In theory (in theory: 理论上 ) , the internal organs of a human being or an animal could be quite literally cooked well-done (well-done: adj. 做得好的 , 完全煮熟的 ) before the animal even realizes that the balance of its thermomicroclimate has been disturbed.
Until a few years ago, microwave irradiations at equivalent plane-wave power densities of about 100 mW/cm2 were considered unequivocally to produce thermal effects; irradiations within the range of 10 to 100 mW/cm2 might or might not produce thermal effects; while effects observed at power densities below 10 mW/cm2 were assumed to be nonthermal in nature. Experiments have shown this to be an oversimplification, and a recent report suggests that fields as weak as 1 mW/cm2 can be thermogenic. When the heat generated in the tissues by an imposed radio frequency (radio frequency: n. 无线电频率 ) (plus the heat generated by metabolism) exceeds the heat-loss capabilities of the organism, the thermoregulatory system has been compromised. Yet surprisingly, not long ago (not long ago: adv. 不久前 ) , an increase in the internal body temperature was regarded merely as evidence of a thermal effect.
1. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) showing that behavior is a more effective way of controlling bodily temperature than innate mechanisms
(B) criticizing researchers who will not discard their theories about the effects of microwave radiation on organisms
(C) demonstrating that effects of microwave radiation are different from those of other forms of radiation
(D) analyzing the mechanism by which an organism maintains its bodily temperature in a changing thermal environment
(E) discussing the importance of thermoreceptors in the control of the internal temperature of an organism
2. The author makes which of the following points about innate mechanisms for heat production?
I. They are governed by thermoreceptors inside the body of the organism rather than at the surface.
II. They are a less effective means of compensating for gross changes in temperature than behavioral strategies.
III. They are not affected by microwave radiation.
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III


6. The tone of the passage can best be described as
(A) genial and conversational
(B) alarmed and disparaging
(C) facetious and cynical
(D) scholarly and noncommittal (noncommittal: adj. 不明朗的 , 不承担义务的 )
(E) scholarly and concerned
7. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) pointing out weaknesses in a popular scientific theory
(B) developing a hypothesis to explain a scientific phenomenon
(C) reporting on new research on the effects of microwave radiation
(D) criticizing the research methods of earlier investigators
(E) clarifying ambiguities in the terminology used to describe a phenomenon

My answers..
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B (not sure)[IMG]http://static.pagalguy.net/pagalguy/smilies/no.gif[/IMG]

OAs plz..

sdt83 Says

Hey pj02.. wat bout time??? does it allow u 2 refer d passage again n again??? hou much time u usually spend on reading d whole passage or solving d passage as a whole.. can u gimme d time split up???

Thats the problem bud...
10 mins to complete one RC for me.But i can get at least 95% correct.On a good day i can get all 100% correct.

Hey pj02.. wat bout time??? does it allow u 2 refer d passage again n again??? hou much time u usually spend on reading d whole passage or solving d passage as a whole.. can u gimme d time split up???

RC is My biggest strength.I hardly got any question wrong in the two tests that I took. And all I do is just follow these two simple things.
Only problem is time management

Basic Funda :Read the passage carefully: Carefully ... Very much carefully....I can still read a passage twice/thrice if I don't understand it completely. No speed reading... No first line/last line funda...

For every question please please please...go back to the passage and check the answer.

Dont rely on memory when solving RC. Even though the answer seems obvious to you ,go back to passage and check.
CHECK EVERY ANSWER IN PASSAGE.

Puys.. any suggestion regarding RC strategy??? i've gone thru tonnes of thread n all present a diff view..
I prefer to go thru d whole passage instead skipping d mid ones..i usually take 5min 2 go thru a passage consisting of 4 paras n about 60-65 lines, plus 1min/question or smtime less....Plz have ur says.

Puys.. any suggestion regarding RC strategy??? i've gone thru tonnes of thread n all present a diff view..
I prefer to go thru d whole passage instead skipping d mid ones..i usually take 5min 2 go thru a passage consisting of 4 paras n about 60-65 lines, plus 1min/question or smtime less....Plz have ur says.

Hi pls solve the following questions


Behavior is one of two general responses available to endothermic (endothermic: adj. 吸热 ( 性 ) 的 ,[ 动 ] 温血的 ) (warm-blooded) species for the regulation of body temperature, the other being innate (reflexive) mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. Human beings rely primarily on the first to provide a hospitable thermal microclimate (microclimate: n.[ 气 ] 小气候 ( 指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候 )) for themselves, in which the transfer of heat between the body and the environment is accomplished with minimal involvement of innate mechanisms of heat production and loss. Thermoregulatory (thermoregulatory: adj. 体温调节的 , 保持 ( 一定 ) 体温的 ) behavior anticipates hyperthermia, and the organism adjusts its behavior to avoid becoming hyperthermic: it removes layers of clothing, it goes for a cool swim, etc. The organism can also respond to changes in the temperature of the body core, as is the case during exercise; but such responses result from the direct stimulation of thermoreceptors distributed widely within the central nervous system (central nervous system: n. 中枢神经系统 ) , and the ability of these mechanisms to help the organism adjust to gross changes in its environment is limited.
Until recently it was assumed that organisms respond to microwave radiation in the same way that they respond to temperature changes caused by other forms of radiation. After all, the argument runs, microwaves are radiation and heat body tissues. This theory ignores the fact that the stimulus to a behavioral response is normally a temperature change that occurs at the surface of the organism. The thermoreceptors that prompt behavioral changes are located within the first millimeter of the skin's surface, but the energy of a microwave field (microwave field: 超高频场 , 微波场 ) may be selectively deposited in deep tissues, effectively bypassing these thermoreceptors, particularly if the field is at near-resonant frequencies. The resulting temperature profile (temperature profile: 温度曲线图 , 温度轮廓 ) may well be a kind of reverse thermal gradient in which the deep tissues are warmed more than those of the surface. Since the heat is not conducted outward to the surface to stimulate the appropriate receptors, the organism does not "appreciate" this stimulation in the same way that it "appreciates" heating and cooling of the skin. In theory (in theory: 理论上 ) , the internal organs of a human being or an animal could be quite literally cooked well-done (well-done: adj. 做得好的 , 完全煮熟的 ) before the animal even realizes that the balance of its thermomicroclimate has been disturbed.
Until a few years ago, microwave irradiations at equivalent plane-wave power densities of about 100 mW/cm2 were considered unequivocally to produce "thermal" effects; irradiations within the range of 10 to 100 mW/cm2 might or might not produce "thermal" effects; while effects observed at power densities below 10 mW/cm2 were assumed to be "nonthermal" in nature. Experiments have shown this to be an oversimplification, and a recent report suggests that fields as weak as 1 mW/cm2 can be thermogenic. When the heat generated in the tissues by an imposed radio frequency (radio frequency: n. 无线电频率 ) (plus the heat generated by metabolism) exceeds the heat-loss capabilities of the organism, the thermoregulatory system has been compromised. Yet surprisingly, not long ago (not long ago: adv. 不久前 ) , an increase in the internal body temperature was regarded merely as "evidence" of a thermal effect.
1. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) showing that behavior is a more effective way of controlling bodily temperature than innate mechanisms
(B) criticizing researchers who will not discard their theories about the effects of microwave radiation on organisms
(C) demonstrating that effects of microwave radiation are different from those of other forms of radiation
(D) analyzing the mechanism by which an organism maintains its bodily temperature in a changing thermal environment
(E) discussing the importance of thermoreceptors in the control of the internal temperature of an organism
2. The author makes which of the following points about innate mechanisms for heat production?
I. They are governed by thermoreceptors inside the body of the organism rather than at the surface.
II. They are a less effective means of compensating for gross changes in temperature than behavioral strategies.
III. They are not affected by microwave radiation.
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III


6. The tone of the passage can best be described as
(A) genial and conversational
(B) alarmed and disparaging
(C) facetious and cynical
(D) scholarly and noncommittal (noncommittal: adj. 不明朗的 , 不承担义务的 )
(E) scholarly and concerned
7. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) pointing out weaknesses in a popular scientific theory
(B) developing a hypothesis to explain a scientific phenomenon
(C) reporting on new research on the effects of microwave radiation
(D) criticizing the research methods of earlier investigators
(E) clarifying ambiguities in the terminology used to describe a phenomenon

Hi Vikram,

Thanks for your reply. Really really appreciate!!
Yes the RC mistakes did happen in succession. I got 2 SCs & 4 CRs wrong but they were distributed.
One small question, say for a moment if we strike out the order of mistakes, how many Verbal mistakes(RC + SC + CR) can one afford to score say 36+ in actual GMAT?

Thanks in advance!!

-Manish

Well Well Well, I doubt...someone can really answer your this question....IF some one can then probably the algo of GMAC has been exposed!!!!

isn't it???

The crux is:
>> Make sure that, no more than 3-5 questions are wrong in Math...you are in a range of 50
>> Make sure that, no more than 6-7 questions are wrong in english, you MAY BE in 35+

combining both will yield minimum 700+

(I may be harsh though, as how %iles are changing, no one can predict)..

cheers

Hi Vikram,

Thanks for your reply. Really really appreciate!!
Yes the RC mistakes did happen in succession. I got 2 SCs & 4 CRs wrong but they were distributed.
One small question, say for a moment if we strike out the order of mistakes, how many Verbal mistakes(RC + SC + CR) can one afford to score say 36+ in actual GMAT?

Thanks in advance!!

-Manish

Hi all,

Today i wrote a princeton test. Scored 650(Q:51 V: 30). Got 7 questions wrong in RC.

Wanted to know how to interpret princeton's results?? Are the questions, especially in verbal, easier or tougher than those in actual GMAT.

Any help or relevant pointers would be highly appreciated...

- Manish

Manish,

I cant vouch for Princeton's accuracy or for that matter about the algorithm of any one of the tools out there. But, I can tell you one thing, getting 7 questions wrong on RC is NOT unheard of. And some times is not as debilitating as one might think.

A few corrections in the approach can very well boost your performance. SCs are the ones that will hurt your score much more than RCs. 3 mistakes in SC will drop your score much further than the 7 on RCs. But the most important factor is, at what juncture did you make those mistakes? Were they in succession, coupled with SCs ? etc.

Analyze your mistakes thoroughly. RCs are very easy to fix, if that is your only issue.

Hi all,

Today i wrote a princeton test. Scored 650(Q:51 V: 30). Got 7 questions wrong in RC.

Wanted to know how to interpret princeton's results?? Are the questions, especially in verbal, easier or tougher than those in actual GMAT.

Any help or relevant pointers would be highly appreciated...

- Manish

Tougher !!

Take GPrep and you will get to know how much you gonna score in actual Test.

+- 10 marks...

Hi all,

Today i wrote a princeton test. Scored 650(Q:51 V: 30). Got 7 questions wrong in RC.

Wanted to know how to interpret princeton's results?? Are the questions, especially in verbal, easier or tougher than those in actual GMAT.

Any help or relevant pointers would be highly appreciated...

- Manish

Hi Ponds,

Good to see buddy , you are still sharpening your armoury....

Answers are:
A
B
C
E
B
C
B
C
D
I got this passage horribly wrong, don't know why???
Any specific strategy you took for this passage or in simple words, how did you go about such a passage?
Cheers

Hi Amsey,
I'll suggest you to read fast and practice from computer, specially RC, it makes lot of difference reading from system long passage and from hard copy specially in stressed environment of GMAT.Keep practicing them from system, slowly it will improve.

All the Best !

Hi Amsey,

My response is in color.
Good ones, Let me know OA's ?

Hi Ponds,

Good to see buddy , you are still sharpening your armoury....

Answers are:
A
B
C
E
B
C
B
C
D

I got this passage horribly wrong, don't know why???

Any specific strategy you took for this passage or in simple words, how did you go about such a passage?

Cheers

Woodrow Wilson was referring to the liberal
idea of the economic market when he said that
the free enterprise system is the most efficient
economic system. Maximum freedom means
(5)maximum productiveness; our "openness" is to
be the measure of our stability. Fascination with
this ideal has made Americans defy the "Old
World" categories of settled possessiveness versus
unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention
(10)versus the cupidity of seizure, a "status quo"
defended or attacked. The United States, it was
believed, had no status quo ante. Our only "sta-
tion" was the turning of a stationary wheel, spin-
ning faster and faster. We did not base our
(15) system on property but opportunity---which
meant we based it not on stability but on mobil-
ity. The more things changed, that is, the more
rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would
be. The conventional picture of class politics is
(20) composed of the Haves, who want a stability to
keep what they have, and the Have-Nots, who
want a touch of instability and change in which
to scramble for the things they have not. But
Americans imagined a condition in which spec-
(25)ulators, self-makers, runners are always using the
new opportunities given by our land. These eco-
nomic leaders (front-runners) would thus he
mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were
considered the ones who wanted stability, a
(30)strong referee to give them some position in the
race, a regulative hand to calm manic specula-
tion; an authority that can call things to a halt,
begin things again from compensatorily stag-
gered "starting lines."
(35) "Reform" in America has been sterile because
it can imagine no change except through the
extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclu-
sion of competitors, "a piece of the action," as it
were, for the disenfranchised. There is no
(40)attempt to call off the race. Since our only sta-
bility is change, America seems not to honor the
quiet work that achieves social interdependence
and stability. There is, in our legends, no hero-
ism of the office clerk, no stable industrial work
(45) force of the people who actually make the system
work. There is no pride in being an employee
(Wilson asked for a return to the time when
everyone was an employer). There has been no
boasting about our social workers---they are
(50)merely signs of the system's failure, of opportu-
nity denied or not taken, of things to be elimi-
nated. We have no pride in our growing
interdependence, in the fact that our system can
serve others, that we are able to help those in
(55) need; empty boasts from the past make us
ashamed of our present achievements, make us
try to forget or deny them, move away from
them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland
race we must all run, all trying to win, none
(60)winning in the end (for there is no end).
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) criticize the inflexibility of American economic
mythology
(B) contrast "Old World" and "New World" economic
ideologies
(C) challenge the integrity of traditional political
leaders
(D) champion those Americans whom the author
deems to be neglected
(E) suggest a substitute for the traditional metaphor
of a race
2. According to the passage, "Old World" values were
based on
(A) ability
(B) property
(C) family connections
(D) guild hierarchies
(E) education
3. In the context of the author's discussion of
regulating change, which of the following could be
most probably regarded as a "strong referee" (line
30) in the United States?
(A) A school principal
(B) A political theorist
(C) A federal court judge
(D) A social worker
(E) A government inspector
4. The author sets off the word "Reform" (line 35) with
quotation marks in order to
(A) emphasize its departure from the concept of
settled possessiveness
(B) show his support for a systematic program of
change
(C) underscore the flexibility and even amorphousness
of United States society.
(D) indicate that the term was one of Wilson's favorites
(E) assert that reform in the United States has not
been fundamental
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author
most probably thinks that giving the disenfranchised
"a piece of the action " (line 3 is
(A) a compassionate, if misdirected, legislative
measure
(B) an example of Americans' resistance to profound
social change
(C) an innovative program for genuine social reform
(D) a monument to the efforts of industrial reformers
(E) a surprisingly "Old World" remedy for social ills
6. Which of the following metaphors could the author
most appropriately use to summarize his own
assessment of the American economic system
(lines 35-60)?
(A) A windmill
(B) A waterfall
(C) A treadmill
(D) A gyroscope
(E) A bellows
7. It can be inferred from the passage that Woodrow
Wilson's ideas about the economic market
(A) encouraged those who "make the system work"
(lines 45-46)
(B) perpetuated traditional legends about America
(C) revealed the prejudices of a man born wealthy
(D) foreshadowed the stock market crash of 1929
(E) began a tradition of presidential proclamations on
economics
8. The passage contains information that would answer
which of the following questions?
.What techniques have industrialists used to
manipulate a free market?
.In what ways are " New World" and " Old World"
economic policies similar?
. Has economic policy in the United States tended
to reward independent action?
(A) only
(B) only
(C) only
(D) and only
(E) and only
9. Which of the following best expresses the author's
main point?
(A) Americans' pride in their jobs continues to give
them stamina today.
(B) The absence of a status quo ante has
undermined United States economic structure.
(C) The free enterprise system has been only a
useless concept in the United States
(D) The myth of the American free enterprise system
is seriously flawed.
(E) Fascination with the ideal of "openness" has

made Americans a progressive people.

have fun...............

Hi Amsey,

My response is in color.
Good ones, Let me know OA's ?

Woodrow Wilson was referring to the liberal
idea of the economic market when he said that
the free enterprise system is the most efficient
economic system. Maximum freedom means
(5)maximum productiveness; our "openness" is to
be the measure of our stability. Fascination with
this ideal has made Americans defy the "Old
World" categories of settled possessiveness versus
unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention
(10)versus the cupidity of seizure, a "status quo"
defended or attacked. The United States, it was
believed, had no status quo ante. Our only "sta-
tion" was the turning of a stationary wheel, spin-
ning faster and faster. We did not base our
(15) system on property but opportunity---which
meant we based it not on stability but on mobil-
ity. The more things changed, that is, the more
rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would
be. The conventional picture of class politics is
(20) composed of the Haves, who want a stability to
keep what they have, and the Have-Nots, who
want a touch of instability and change in which
to scramble for the things they have not. But
Americans imagined a condition in which spec-
(25)ulators, self-makers, runners are always using the
new opportunities given by our land. These eco-
nomic leaders (front-runners) would thus he
mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were
considered the ones who wanted stability, a
(30)strong referee to give them some position in the
race, a regulative hand to calm manic specula-
tion; an authority that can call things to a halt,
begin things again from compensatorily stag-
gered "starting lines."
(35) "Reform" in America has been sterile because
it can imagine no change except through the
extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclu-
sion of competitors, "a piece of the action," as it
were, for the disenfranchised. There is no
(40)attempt to call off the race. Since our only sta-
bility is change, America seems not to honor the
quiet work that achieves social interdependence
and stability. There is, in our legends, no hero-
ism of the office clerk, no stable industrial work
(45) force of the people who actually make the system
work. There is no pride in being an employee
(Wilson asked for a return to the time when
everyone was an employer). There has been no
boasting about our social workers---they are
(50)merely signs of the system's failure, of opportu-
nity denied or not taken, of things to be elimi-
nated. We have no pride in our growing
interdependence, in the fact that our system can
serve others, that we are able to help those in
(55) need; empty boasts from the past make us
ashamed of our present achievements, make us
try to forget or deny them, move away from
them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland
race we must all run, all trying to win, none
(60)winning in the end (for there is no end).
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) criticize the inflexibility of American economic
mythology
(B) contrast "Old World" and "New World" economic
ideologies
(C) challenge the integrity of traditional political
leaders
(D) champion those Americans whom the author
deems to be neglected
(E) suggest a substitute for the traditional metaphor
of a race
2. According to the passage, "Old World" values were
based on
(A) ability
(B) property
(C) family connections
(D) guild hierarchies
(E) education
3. In the context of the author's discussion of
regulating change, which of the following could be
most probably regarded as a "strong referee" (line
30) in the United States?
(A) A school principal
(B) A political theorist
(C) A federal court judge
(D) A social worker
(E) A government inspector
4. The author sets off the word "Reform" (line 35) with
quotation marks in order to
(A) emphasize its departure from the concept of
settled possessiveness
(B) show his support for a systematic program of
change
(C) underscore the flexibility and even amorphousness
of United States society.
(D) indicate that the term was one of Wilson's favorites
(E) assert that reform in the United States has not
been fundamental
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author
most probably thinks that giving the disenfranchised
"a piece of the action " (line 3 is
(A) a compassionate, if misdirected, legislative
measure
(B) an example of Americans' resistance to profound
social change
(C) an innovative program for genuine social reform
(D) a monument to the efforts of industrial reformers
(E) a surprisingly "Old World" remedy for social ills
6. Which of the following metaphors could the author
most appropriately use to summarize his own
assessment of the American economic system
(lines 35-60)?
(A) A windmill
(B) A waterfall
(C) A treadmill
(D) A gyroscope
(E) A bellows
7. It can be inferred from the passage that Woodrow
Wilson's ideas about the economic market
(A) encouraged those who "make the system work"
(lines 45-46)
(B) perpetuated traditional legends about America
(C) revealed the prejudices of a man born wealthy
(D) foreshadowed the stock market crash of 1929
(E) began a tradition of presidential proclamations on
economics
8. The passage contains information that would answer
which of the following questions?
.What techniques have industrialists used to
manipulate a free market?
.In what ways are " New World" and " Old World"
economic policies similar?
. Has economic policy in the United States tended
to reward independent action?
(A) only
(B) only
(C) only
(D) and only
(E) and only
9. Which of the following best expresses the author's
main point?
(A) Americans' pride in their jobs continues to give
them stamina today.
(B) The absence of a status quo ante has
undermined United States economic structure.
(C) The free enterprise system has been only a
useless concept in the United States
(D) The myth of the American free enterprise system
is seriously flawed.
(E) Fascination with the ideal of "openness" has
made Americans a progressive people.
have fun...............

Here is my take on the above RC
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C

Hi Puys,

OA is 1., 2.E, 3.A, 4..


Cheers !
:cheerio:

Here is my take on the above RC
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C

Puys Help Me
The basic theory of plate tectonics recognizes two ways continental margins can grow seaward. Where two plates move away from a midocean rift that separates them, thecontinental margins on those plates are said to be passive. Such continental margins grow slowly from the accumulation of riverborne sediments and of the carbonate skeletons of marine organisms. Since most sequences ofsuch accretions, or miogeoclinal deposits, are undeformed, passive margins are not associated with mountain building.
Along active margins continents tend to grow much faster. At an active margin anoceanic plate plunges under a continental plate, fragments of which then adhere to the continental margin. The process is met with extensive volcanism and mountain-building. A classic example is the Andes of the west coastof South America.
In the original plate-tectonic model western North America was described as being initially passive and then active. It was assumed that the continent grew to a limited extent along thismargin as oceanic rocks accreted in places such as the Coast Ranges of California. The model was successful in explaining such disparate features as the Franciscan rocks of the California Coast Ranges, created by subduction, and the granite rocks of the Sierra Nevada that originated in volcanoes.
The basic plate-tectonic reconstruction of the geologic history of western North America remains unchanged in the light of microplatetectonics, but the details are radically changed. It is now clear that much more crust was added to North America in the Mesozoic era than can be accounted for by volcanism and by the simple accretion of sediments. Further, someadjacent terranes are not genetically related, as would be expected from simple plate tectonics, but have almost certainly traveled great distances from entirely different parts of the world.

1. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

(A)The margin of the west coast of North America developed through a combination of active and passive mechanisms.
(B)The growth of continental margins is only partially explained by the basic theory of plate tectonics.
(C)Continental margins can grow seaward in two ways, through sedimentation or volcanism.
(D)The introduction of microplate tectonics poses a fundamental challenge to the existing theory of how continental margins are formed.
(E)Continental margins grow more rapidly along active margins than along passive margins.

2. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions regarding continental margins EXCEPT:

(A)How have marine organisms contributed to the formation of passive continental margins?
(B)What were some of the processes by which the continental margin of the west coast of North America was formed?
(C)Are miogeoclinal deposits associated with mountain building along continental margins?
(D)How was the continental margin of the west coast of South America formed?
(E)How much crust added to North America in the Mesozoic era can be accounted for by the accretion of sediments from the ocean floor?

3. The author mentions the Franciscan rocks of the California Coast Ranges in order to make which one of the following points?

(A)The basic theory of plate tectonics accounts for a wide variety of geologic features.
(B)The original plate tectonic model falls short of explaining such features.
(C)Subduction processes are responsible for the majority of the geologic features found along the west coast of North America.
(D)Passive margins can take on many geologic forms.
(E)The concept of microplate tectonics was first introduced to account for such phenomena.

4. Which one of the following does the author mention as evidence for the inadequacy of the original plate tectonic model to describe the formation of continental margins?

(A)Nearly flat, undeformed crystal blocks have been found along some continental margins where there are mountains further inland.
(B)Sediments and fragments from the depths of the ocean accumulate along continental margins.
(C) Large pieces of the Earth's crust that appear to be completely unrelated are found in the same area today.
(D) Undeformed miogeoclinal deposits are usually not linked to mountain building
(E)Oceanic plates drop beneath continental plates along active margins.

:grin:

OA for the RC "How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This .........."

1. E
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. E
8. D
9. A

Questions

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain and critique the methods used by early statisticians
(B) compare and contrast a historical situation with a current-day one
(C) describe and explain a historical change
(D) discuss historical opposition to an established institution
(E) trace the origin of a contemporary controversy


2. Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT the
(A) year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender
(B) year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the household
(C) year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping house was first calculated
(D) way in which the 1890 census measured womens income levels and educational backgrounds
(E) way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census


3. It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of which of the following?
(A) Women who worked exclusively in the home
(B) People engaged in nonfarming occupations
(C) People engaged in social movements
(D) Women engaged in family-run enterprises
(E) Men engaged in agriculture


4. The author uses the adjective simple in line 6 most probably to emphasize that the
(A) collection of census information became progressively more difficult throughout the nineteenth century
(B) technology for tabulating census information was rudimentary during the first half of the nineteenth century
(C) home-based agricultural economy of the early nineteenth century was easier to analyze than the later industrial economy
(D) economic role of women was better defined in the early nineteenth century than in the late nineteenth century
(E) information collected by early nineteenth- century censuses was limited in its amount of detail


5. The passage suggests which of the following about the womens advocates and women statisticians mentioned in lines 28-29?
(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participation in the antislavery movement.
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by previous United States censuses.

I agree to all of the answers of nuttyvarun except 1. I think there is no information about the current day census. The author is talking about how the census statistics calculation changed over time.

Questions

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain and critique the methods used by early statisticians
(B) compare and contrast a historical situation with a current-day one
(C) describe and explain a historical change
(D) discuss historical opposition to an established institution
(E) trace the origin of a contemporary controversy


2. Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT the
(A) year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender
(B) year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the household
(C) year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping house was first calculated
(D) way in which the 1890 census measured women's income levels and educational backgrounds
(E) way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census


3. It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of which of the following?
(A) Women who worked exclusively in the home
(B) People engaged in nonfarming occupations
(C) People engaged in social movements
(D) Women engaged in family-run enterprises
(E) Men engaged in agriculture


4. The author uses the adjective "simple" in line 6 most probably to emphasize that the
(A) collection of census information became progressively more difficult throughout the nineteenth century
(B) technology for tabulating census information was rudimentary during the first half of the nineteenth century
(C) home-based agricultural economy of the early nineteenth century was easier to analyze than the later industrial economy
(D) economic role of women was better defined in the early nineteenth century than in the late nineteenth century
(E) information collected by early nineteenth- century censuses was limited in its amount of detail


5. The passage suggests which of the following about the "women's advocates and women statisticians" mentioned in lines 28-29?
(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participation in the antislavery movement.
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by previous United States censuses.

:drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking:
========================================================================



Hi Deepakram,

Find my answer in color.

Regards,





=======================================================================
:drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking::drinking:

Find my answers as below.. plz do share the OAs for this passage and the one you posted earlier.. thanks!! ;)

Questions

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain and critique the methods used by early statisticians
(B) compare and contrast a historical situation with a current-day one
(C) describe and explain a historical change
(D) discuss historical opposition to an established institution
(E) trace the origin of a contemporary controversy


2. Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT the
(A) year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender - 1870
(B) year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the household - 1850
(C) year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping house was first calculated - 1890
(D) way in which the 1890 census measured womens income levels and educational backgrounds - NOPE
(E) way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census - household members were only indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational categories


3. It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of which of the following?
(A) Women who worked exclusively in the home
(B) People engaged in nonfarming occupations
(C) People engaged in social movements
(D) Women engaged in family-run enterprises
(E) Men engaged in agriculture


4. The author uses the adjective simple in line 6 most probably to emphasize that the
(A) collection of census information became progressively more difficult throughout the nineteenth century
(B) technology for tabulating census information was rudimentary during the first half of the nineteenth century
(C) home-based agricultural economy of the early nineteenth century was easier to analyze than the later industrial economy
(D) economic role of women was better defined in the early nineteenth century than in the late nineteenth century
(E) information collected by early nineteenth- century censuses was limited in its amount of detail


5. The passage suggests which of the following about the womens advocates and women statisticians mentioned in lines 28-29?
(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participation in the antislavery movement.
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by previous United States censuses.

@deepakraam

Could you share the OAs for the previous RC..??..
there is no point solving problems when u dunno which direction u r headed in.. u know what I mean

Questions

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain and critique the methods used by early statisticians
(B) compare and contrast a historical situation with a current-day one
(C) describe and explain a historical change
(D) discuss historical opposition to an established institution
(E) trace the origin of a contemporary controversy


2. Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT the
(A) year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender
(B) year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the household
(C) year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping house was first calculated
(D) way in which the 1890 census measured women's income levels and educational backgrounds
(E) way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census


3. It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of which of the following?
(A) Women who worked exclusively in the home
(B) People engaged in nonfarming occupations
(C) People engaged in social movements
(D) Women engaged in family-run enterprises
(E) Men engaged in agriculture


4. The author uses the adjective "simple" in line 6 most probably to emphasize that the
(A) collection of census information became progressively more difficult throughout the nineteenth century
(B) technology for tabulating census information was rudimentary during the first half of the nineteenth century
(C) home-based agricultural economy of the early nineteenth century was easier to analyze than the later industrial economy
(D) economic role of women was better defined in the early nineteenth century than in the late nineteenth century
(E) information collected by early nineteenth- century censuses was limited in its amount of detail


5. The passage suggests which of the following about the "women's advocates and women statisticians" mentioned in lines 28-29?
(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participation in the antislavery movement.
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by previous United States censuses.

Passage

During the nineteenth century, occupational information about women that was provided by the United States census-a population count conducted each decade-became more detailed and precise in response to social changes. Through 1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household members were only indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational categories. Like farms, most enterprises were family-run, so that the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals.
The 1850 census, partly responding to antislavery and women's rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender: the census superintendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in "gainful and reputable occupations." In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman "keeping house." Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the rapid entry of women into the paid labor force and social issues arising from industrialization were causing women's advocates and women statisticians to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages.

6. The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by
(A) the employed poor
(B) dependent children in single-earner families
(C) workers who become disabled
(D) retired workers
(E) full-time workers who become unemployed
7. According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the
(A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers
(B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker
(C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor
(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics
(E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed
8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends primarily on the point that
(A) in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long
(B) the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages
(C) those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work
(D) at different times during the year, different people are unemployed
(E) many of those who are affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers
9. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the authors argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market?
(A) A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant.
(B) For those who are in poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living.
(C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment.
(D) The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market.
(E) Since the labor market is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs.

Hi Deepakram,

Find my answers in blue color.

Regards,
ponds_ggn.

1. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?
(A) What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering
(B) Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty
(C) Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment
(D) Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures
(E) How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities
2. The author uses labor market problems in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?
(A) The overall causes of poverty
(B) Deficiencies in the training of the work force
(C) Trade relationships among producers of goods
(D) Shortages of jobs providing adequate income
(E) Strikes and inadequate supplies of labor
3. The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that
(A) more people were unemployed in the 1930s
(B) unemployment now has less severe effects
(C) social programs are more needed now
(D) there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty
(E) poverty has increased since the 1930s
4. Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?
(A) Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.
(B) A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.
(C) New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.
(D) Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.
(E) The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.
5. The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that
(A) there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force
(B) unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness
(C) recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workers
(D) a majority of those who are jobless at any one time to not suffer severe hardship
(E) there are fewer individuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would be expected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures

Find my answer in blue color,

Regards,

My Answers..

1. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?
(A) What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering
(B) Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty
(C) Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment
(D) Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures
(E) How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities
2. The author uses "labor market problems" in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?
(A) The overall causes of poverty
(B) Deficiencies in the training of the work force
(C) Trade relationships among producers of goods
(D) Shortages of jobs providing adequate income
(E) Strikes and inadequate supplies of labor


3. The author contrasts the 1930's with the present in order to show that
(A) more people were unemployed in the 1930's
(B) unemployment now has less severe effects
(C) social programs are more needed now
(D) there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty
(E) poverty has increased since the 1930's


4. Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?
(A) Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.
(B) A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.
(C) New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.
(D) Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.
(E) The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.


5. The author's purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that
(A) there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force
(B) unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness
(C) recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workers
(D) a majority of those who are jobless at any one time to not suffer severe hardship
(E) there are fewer individuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would be expected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures

6. The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by
(A) the employed poor
(B) dependent children in single-earner families
(C) workers who become disabled
(D) retired workers
(E) full-time workers who become unemployed


7. According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the
(A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers
(B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker
(C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor - NOT SURE
(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics
(E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed

8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends primarily on the point that
(A) in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long
(B) the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages
(C) those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work
(D) at different times during the year, different people are unemployed - NOT SURE
(E) many of those who are affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers


9. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the author's argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market?
(A) A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant.
(B) For those who are in poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living.
(C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment.
(D) The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market.
(E) Since the labor market is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs.

Lemme know the OAs plz..